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→Vatican II: Pope John XXIII, not JPII in the picture right below it
===20th century===
===20th century===
====Vatican II====
====Vatican II====
[[File:John-23.jpg|right|thumb|270px|[[Pope John Paul II]] reigned 1958-63]]
[[File:John-23.jpg|right|thumb|270px|[[Pope John XXIII]] reigned 1958-63]]
The "Second Ecumenical Council of the Vatican" (called [[Vatican II]]), was called by [[Pope John XXIII]] and was in session from 1962 to 1965. It dramatically modernized and transformed church policies, with major changes to official theology and liturgy. Liturgical changes included the introduction Mass in local languages instead of Latin. Theologically, the council deemphasized somewhat the centrality of Mary while also adding a new emphasis on individual and personal holiness. It recognized the possibility of salvation for Jews, Muslims, and Protestants.
The "Second Ecumenical Council of the Vatican" (called [[Vatican II]]), was called by [[Pope John XXIII]] and was in session from 1962 to 1965. It dramatically modernized and transformed church policies, with major changes to official theology and liturgy. Liturgical changes included the introduction Mass in local languages instead of Latin. Theologically, the council deemphasized somewhat the centrality of Mary while also adding a new emphasis on individual and personal holiness. It recognized the possibility of salvation for Jews, Muslims, and Protestants.