Changes

In 1951, Kenneth Arrow proved that no system of voting, however so fair, can possibly satisfy all five of these constraints. For example, the [[Electoral College]] system used in the United States satisfies all of them except the last two (and in fact even the first, unrestricted domain, is questionable, since [[federal judge]]s are not elected by the people, but rather ''appointed'' by the bench).

In 1951, Kenneth Arrow proved that no system of voting, however so fair, can possibly satisfy all five of these constraints. For example, the [[Electoral College]] system used in the United States satisfies all of them except the last two (and in fact even the first, unrestricted domain, is questionable, since [[federal judge]]s are not elected by the people, but rather ''appointed'' by the bench).

The 1952 Presidential election demonstrated beyond doubt the correctness of Arrow's vision; incumbent [[Dwight D. Eisenhower]] beat his "egghead" Democratic challenger [[Adlai Stevenson]] in the largest landslide in human history. Nevertheless, the [[West Virginia]] Democratic primary was won by [[Averell Harriman]], who had never before held any elected office. This abnomaly led to closer investigation of Arrow's results. For his work on modern voting metholodgy, Arrow was awarded the 1972 [[Nobel Prize]] in [[Economics]].

The 1952 Presidential election demonstrated beyond doubt the correctness of Arrow's vision; incumbent [[Dwight D. Eisenhower]] beat his "egghead" Democratic challenger [[Adlai Stevenson]] in the largest landslide in human history. Nevertheless, the [[West Virginia]] Democratic primary was won by [[Averell Harriman]], who had never before held any elected office. This anomaly led to closer investigation of Arrow's results. For his work on modern voting methodology, Arrow was awarded the 1972 [[Nobel Prize]] in [[Economics]].

[[Category:Mathematics]]

[[Category:Mathematics]]