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In 1792, a statue of Columbus was raised at Tammany Hall in New York City and an eloquent oration was delivered by Mr. John B. Johnson. A toast of honor was given, <ref>[http://www.millersville.edu/~columbus/data/art/WESTKLN1.ART Columbus and Columbia, Millersville.edu]</ref> ''"May the genius of liberty, as she has conducted the sons of Columbia with glory to the commencement of the fourth century, guard their fame to the end of time." ''  

In 1792, a statue of Columbus was raised at Tammany Hall in New York City and an eloquent oration was delivered by Mr. John B. Johnson. A toast of honor was given, <ref>[http://www.millersville.edu/~columbus/data/art/WESTKLN1.ART Columbus and Columbia, Millersville.edu]</ref> ''"May the genius of liberty, as she has conducted the sons of Columbia with glory to the commencement of the fourth century, guard their fame to the end of time." ''  

[[File:Columb1.jpg|thumb|430px|[[Thomas Nast]], the great cartoonist of the 1870s, often used Columbia to portray America.  Here she is enslaved by taxes. ''Harper's Weekly'' Feb. 9, 1878]]

[[File:Columb1.jpg|thumb|220px|left|[[Thomas Nast]], the great cartoonist of the 1870s, often used Columbia to portray America.  Here she is enslaved by taxes. ''Harper's Weekly'' Feb. 9, 1878]]

In a 1872 painting by John Gast, American Progress, "Columbia" leads civilization to the westward frontier with American settlers. Columbia usually was disdainful of aristocracy and royalty, but was of mixed feelings about imperialism. [[File:Columbia4.jpg|thumb|320px|Columbia is a sailor in President [[William McKinley]]'s navy, and is trying on "world power" on April 6, 1901; the feather is smoke representing expansion into the Pacific and Caribbean]]  

In a 1872 painting by John Gast, American Progress, "Columbia" leads civilization to the westward frontier with American settlers. Columbia usually was disdainful of aristocracy and royalty, but was of mixed feelings about imperialism. [[File:Columbia4.jpg|thumb|220px|Columbia is a sailor in President [[William McKinley]]'s navy, and is trying on "world power" on April 6, 1901; the feather is smoke representing expansion into the Pacific and Caribbean]]  

As an iconic image of [[America]], Columbia was commonly used in World War I, until displaced by the Statue of Liberty in the 1920s. By 1950, the image was much diluted, seen as antiquated and is seldom seen today. A Hollywood studio took the name "Columbia Pictures" in 1924 and still features Columbia's image at the start of its films; the studio is now owned by SONY of [[Japan]]. The name without the image remains more common, as in the Columbia Broadcasting System ([[CBS]]) or in the [[space shuttle]] Columbia, and Columbia Encyclopedia. Many cities attribute the name Columbia such as Columbia, South Carolina or the Columbia City of Washington, Indiana and Oregon.

As an iconic image of [[America]], Columbia was commonly used in World War I, until displaced by the Statue of Liberty in the 1920s. By 1950, the image was much diluted, seen as antiquated and is seldom seen today. A Hollywood studio took the name "Columbia Pictures" in 1924 and still features Columbia's image at the start of its films; the studio is now owned by SONY of [[Japan]]. The name without the image remains more common, as in the Columbia Broadcasting System ([[CBS]]) or in the [[space shuttle]] Columbia, and Columbia Encyclopedia. Many cities attribute the name Columbia such as Columbia, South Carolina or the Columbia City of Washington, Indiana and Oregon.

 

==To His Excellency George Washington - Wheatley's Poem==

==To His Excellency George Washington - Wheatley's Poem==

==Hail Columbia==

==Hail Columbia==

 

Unofficial national anthem until the Star Spangled Banner. The song is still used today for the entrance of the Vice President. <ref>[http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/08078/865947-42.stm Hail, Miss Columbia: Once a U.S. symbol, she's lost out to Uncle Sam, Lady Liberty, Post-Gazette.com]</ref>

Unofficial national anthem until the Star Spangled Banner. The song is still used today for the entrance of the Vice President. <ref>[http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/08078/865947-42.stm Hail, Miss Columbia: Once a U.S. symbol, she's lost out to Uncle Sam, Lady Liberty, Post-Gazette.com]</ref>

{{Clear}}

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==Further reading==

==See also==

 

[[File:Columbia pictures logo.jpg|right|thumb|250px| Columbia Pictures, SONY logo]]

* Sheppard, Alice. ''Cartooning for Suffrage'' (1994) online at [[Questia]], discusses numerous cartoons featuring Columbia

 

 

 

* [[Christopher Columbus]]

* [[Christopher Columbus]]

* [[Patriotism]]

* [[Patriotism]]

* [[America]]

* [[America]]

* [[British Columbia]]

* [[British Columbia]]

==References==

==References==

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<references/>

==External Links==

==Further reading==

 

 

[[Category:Republicanism]]

[[Category:Republicanism]]