Changes

===Harvard Law School===

===Harvard Law School===

After graduating in 1926, Hiss went on to [[Harvard Law School]], where he resumed his friendship with boyhood friend [[Henry Collins]],<ref>[[#refHUAC48|HUAC 1948]]: 643 (PDF 153)</ref> who was attending [[Harvard]] Business School. Collins would later be identified as a [[USSR|Soviet]] agent by chief of [[Soviet intelligence]] in the U.S. [[Anatoly Gorsky]]<ref>[[#refVasBlack|Vassiliev Black Notebook]]: Orig. 39; Trans. 77; cf. [[#refBLH05|Bachman, Leich, Haynes 2005]]; [[#refLowCher|Lowenthal, Chervonnaya 2005]]</ref> and by another friend at Harvard, [[U.S. State Department|State Department]] official [[Laurence Duggan]]<ref>[[#refSpies09|Haynes, Klehr 1999]]: 202, 244. [[Henry Wallace]] once said that if he became President, he would [[#refBronner98|make Duggan Secretary of State]]; if [[FDR]] had died in 1944, rather than 1945, Wallace would indeed have [[#refGarvin04|become President]]. It was apparently to protect Duggan's identity that Ignace Poretsky (alias Ignace Reiss) [http://www.weeklystandard.com/Content/Protected/Articles/000/000/006/224euczs.asp?pg=2 was] [[#refSchwartz88|murdered]]: A Moscow Center report of Poretsky's "liquidation" notes, "For now the danger of 19 [Duggan] ([[#refSword|Andrew, Mitrokin 2000]]: 105) being exposed through Raymond's [Poretsky's] ([[#refHaynes08|Haynes 2008]]: 129) line is significantly diminished." ([[#refSpies09|Haynes, Klehr, Vassiliev 2009]]: 232) Poretsky was killed by OGPU agent Roland Abbiat ([[#refKriv39|Krivitsky 1939]]: 261-263 [PDF 285-287]; [[#refSword|Andrew, Mitrokin 2000]]: 47, 78-79), who would later go under cover as [[#refKlehr04|Vladimir Pravdin]], New York bureau chief of the Soviet government news agency TASS, in which capacity he would become a [[#refVenona1289|contact of Walter Lippmann]] [[#refVenona1506|and I.F. Stone]], and [[#refHK07|be suggested]] as the contact for [[GRU]] agent "Ales" at the founding conference of the [[UN]]. Five days after Duggan implicated [[Henry Collins|Collins]] (and [[Frederick Vanderbilt Field]]) to the [[FBI]], Hiss would be indicted by a grand jury and the [[NKVD]] would again [http://h-net.msu.edu/cgi-bin/logbrowse.pl?trx=vx&list=h-hoac&month=0503&week=b&msg=vKFVV7vn/1IWcrIN7aXucg&user=&pw= approach Duggan]; [[#refOSullivan07|five days]] after that, Duggan would [[#refPowers2000|jump or be thrown]] from his New York office window to [[#refTimeDuggan49|his death]], leading his friend (and father's [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/10/06/AR2005100602012.html protégé]), Edward R. Murrow, to broadcast a [http://dca.lib.tufts.edu/features/murrow/exhibit/iie2.html scathing] denunciation of Red-hunters in the U.S. government for hounding [[#refVenona1613|an allegedly]] innocent man to his grave.</ref> (a [[#refPlatt99|Soviet agent]] [http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=ugMOAAAAIBAJ&sjid=VW0DAAAAIBAJ&pg=7094%2C2162459 identified] by [[Comintern]] courier<ref>[[#refHK99|Haynes, Klehr 1999]]: 227-228; [[#refHK06|Haynes, Klehr 2006]]: 110</ref> [[#refBerle|Whittaker Chambers]], [[OGPU]] recruiter [[Hede Massing]],<ref>[[#refHK99|Haynes, Klehr 1999]]: 202-203</ref> [[Venona]] [http://www.nsa.gov/public_info/_files/venona/1943/30jun_british_invasion.pdf decrypts] and Soviet archives).<ref>[[#refVasBlack|Vassiliev Black Notebook]]: Orig. 40; Trans. 78 (cf. [[#refBLH05|Bachman, Leich, Haynes 2005]]; [[#refLowCher|Lowenthal, Chervonnaya 2005]]); [[#refSword|Andrew, Mitrokin 2000]]: 109; [[#refSpies09|Haynes, Klehr, Vassiliev 2009]]: 220-245</ref> Hiss served on the ''[[Harvard Law Review]]'' under editor [[Lee Pressman]],<ref>([[#refHUAC48|HUAC 1948]]: 643 [PDF 153])</ref> who would eventually [[testify]] that he had been a member of the "[[Ware group]]," an underground group of [[Communist]]s in the Federal government.<ref>[[#refHUAC50.2|HUAC 1950, pt. 2]]: 2850 (PDF 16); cf. [[#refIPR52|S. Rpt. 2050]], Appendix: 5503 (Exhibit No. 1402). Pressman would also corroborate Chambers' identification of [[Nathan Witt|Witt]], [[John Abt]] and [[Charles Kramer]] as members of this [[Communist]] cell ([[#refChambers52|Chambers 1952]]: 612), and admit under oath that he recognized Chambers. ([[#refGall99|Gall 1999]]: 553)</ref> Hiss became the protégé of one [[instructor]], future [[Supreme Court of the United States|Supreme Court]] Justice [[Felix Frankfurter]]&mdash;who, said former [[President of the United States|U.S. President]] [[William Howard Taft]], [[Chief Justice]] of the Supreme Court, "seems to be closely in touch with every [http://www.time.com/time/printout/0,8816,870087,00.html Bolshevist, Communist] movement in this [[country]]." Frankfurter was at the time the [http://www.theatlantic.com/unbound/flashbks/oj/frankff.htm leading champion] of the [[conviction|convicted]] [[murder|murderers]] [[Sacco and Vanzetti]],<ref>Felix Frankfurter, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=GiV9cR6277UC The Case of Sacco and Vanzetti: A Critical Analysis for Lawyers and Laymen]'' (Buffalo: Wm. S. Hein & Co., 2003) ISBN 157588805X</ref> [[revolution|revolutionary]] [[terrorist|terrorists]] who became a Communist<ref>Stephen Koch, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=YIoFAQAAIAAJ&pgis=1 Double Lives: Stalin, Willi Munzenberg and the Seduction of the Intellectuals]'' (New York: Enigma Books, rev. ed. 2004) ISBN 1929631200, pp. 31-37</ref> ''cause célèbre'',<ref>John F. Neville, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=PXn7LbZRK2IC Twentieth-Century Cause Celebre: Sacco, Vanzetti, and the Press, 1920-1927]'' (Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Publishing Group, 2004) ISBN 0275977838 p. 101. Hiss' Harvard classmate, fellow State Department official and [[#refFieldUK|Soviet intelligence source]] Noel Field would later write, "The shock of the Sacco-Vanzetti executions drove me leftward." ([[#refWeinstein78|Weinstein 1978]]: 199)</ref> and whom Alger Hiss would later [http://www.discoverthenetworks.org/individualProfile.asp?indid=2278 emulate].<ref>New evidence [http://hnn.us/articles/4527.html suggests] that Sacco and Vanzetti were [http://www.cbc.ca/arts/story/2006/01/28/uptonsinclair-boston.html guilty]; cf. [[#refAvrich05|Avrich 2005]]: 133</ref>

After graduating in 1926, Hiss went on to [[Harvard Law School]], where he resumed his friendship with boyhood friend [[Henry Collins]],<ref>[[#refHUAC48|HUAC 1948]]: 643 (PDF 153)</ref> who was attending [[Harvard]] Business School. Collins would later be identified as a [[USSR|Soviet]] agent by chief of [[Soviet intelligence]] in the U.S. [[Anatoly Gorsky]]<ref>[[#refVasBlack|Vassiliev Black Notebook]]: Orig. 39; Trans. 77; cf. [[#refBLH05|Bachman, Leich, Haynes 2005]]; [[#refLowCher|Lowenthal, Chervonnaya 2005]]</ref> and by another friend at Harvard, [[U.S. State Department|State Department]] official [[Laurence Duggan]]<ref>[[#refSpies09|Haynes, Klehr 1999]]: 202, 244<ref>[[#refVasBlack|Vassiliev Black Notebook]]: Orig. 40; Trans. 78 (cf. [[#refBLH05|Bachman, Leich, Haynes 2005]]; [[#refLowCher|Lowenthal, Chervonnaya 2005]]); [[#refSword|Andrew, Mitrokin 2000]]: 109; [[#refSpies09|Haynes, Klehr, Vassiliev 2009]]: 220-245</ref> Hiss served on the ''[[Harvard Law Review]]'' under editor [[Lee Pressman]],<ref>([[#refHUAC48|HUAC 1948]]: 643 [PDF 153])</ref> who would eventually [[testify]] that he had been a member of the "[[Ware group]]," an underground group of [[Communist]]s in the Federal government.<ref>[[#refHUAC50.2|HUAC 1950, pt. 2]]: 2850 (PDF 16); cf. [[#refIPR52|S. Rpt. 2050]], Appendix: 5503 (Exhibit No. 1402). Pressman would also corroborate Chambers' identification of [[Nathan Witt|Witt]], [[John Abt]] and [[Charles Kramer]] as members of this [[Communist]] cell ([[#refChambers52|Chambers 1952]]: 612), and admit under oath that he recognized Chambers. ([[#refGall99|Gall 1999]]: 553)</ref> Hiss became the protégé of one [[instructor]], future [[Supreme Court of the United States|Supreme Court]] Justice [[Felix Frankfurter]]&mdash;who, said former [[President of the United States|U.S. President]] [[William Howard Taft]], [[Chief Justice]] of the Supreme Court, "seems to be closely in touch with every [http://www.time.com/time/printout/0,8816,870087,00.html Bolshevist, Communist] movement in this [[country]]." Frankfurter was at the time the [http://www.theatlantic.com/unbound/flashbks/oj/frankff.htm leading champion] of the [[conviction|convicted]] [[murder|murderers]] [[Sacco and Vanzetti]],<ref>Felix Frankfurter, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=GiV9cR6277UC The Case of Sacco and Vanzetti: A Critical Analysis for Lawyers and Laymen]'' (Buffalo: Wm. S. Hein & Co., 2003) ISBN 157588805X</ref> [[revolution|revolutionary]] [[terrorist|terrorists]] who became a Communist<ref>Stephen Koch, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=YIoFAQAAIAAJ&pgis=1 Double Lives: Stalin, Willi Munzenberg and the Seduction of the Intellectuals]'' (New York: Enigma Books, rev. ed. 2004) ISBN 1929631200, pp. 31-37</ref> ''cause célèbre'',<ref>John F. Neville, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=PXn7LbZRK2IC Twentieth-Century Cause Celebre: Sacco, Vanzetti, and the Press, 1920-1927]'' (Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Publishing Group, 2004) ISBN 0275977838 p. 101. Hiss' Harvard classmate, fellow State Department official and [[#refFieldUK|Soviet intelligence source]] Noel Field would later write, "The shock of the Sacco-Vanzetti executions drove me leftward." ([[#refWeinstein78|Weinstein 1978]]: 199)</ref> and whom Alger Hiss would later [http://www.discoverthenetworks.org/individualProfile.asp?indid=2278 emulate].<ref>New evidence [http://hnn.us/articles/4527.html suggests] that Sacco and Vanzetti were [http://www.cbc.ca/arts/story/2006/01/28/uptonsinclair-boston.html guilty]; cf. [[#refAvrich05|Avrich 2005]]: 133</ref>

==Early Career==

==Early Career==