Changes

==Soviet national liberation movement==

==Soviet national liberation movement==

[[Edgar Snow]] introduced Mao and [[Zhou Enlai]] to American readers in 1937 in his book, ''Red Star Over China'', shortly after the [[Chinese Red Army]]’s rout by [[Chiang Kai-shek]] in 1934 and their year long retreat to [[Yenan]] known as the [[Long March]].  Snow wrote, "The political ideology, tactical line and theoretical leadership of the Chinese Communists have been under the close guidance, if not positive detailed direction, of the [[Communist International]], which during the last decade has become virtually a bureau of the Russian Communist Party." And he further declared that the CCP had to subordinate itself to the "strategic requirements of [[Soviet Russia]], under the leadership of [[Stalin]]."<ref>Red Star Over China by Edgar Snow, New York, 1937.</ref>

[[Edgar Snow]] introduced Mao and [[Zhou Enlai]] to American readers in 1937 in his book, ''Red Star Over China'', shortly after the [[Chinese Red Army]]was forced out of its base in Jiangxi province by [[Chiang Kai-shek]] [pinyin spelling=Jiang Jieshi] in 1934 and their year long retreat to [[Yunnan]] known as the [[Long March]]. The CCP set off with 100,000 people. Over the next year, they would trek 6000 miles over mountains swamps and deserts. According to John Fairbank's ''China A New History' page 305'somewhere between 4000 and 8000 of the marchers actually reached Yunnan province. However, Mao alleged that the Long March served as a "seeding machine" to spread Communist ideas around China.  Snow wrote, "The political ideology, tactical line and theoretical leadership of the Chinese Communists have been under the close guidance, if not positive detailed direction, of the [[Communist International]], which during the last decade has become virtually a bureau of the Russian Communist Party." And he further declared that the CCP had to subordinate itself to the "strategic requirements of [[Soviet Russia]], under the leadership of [[Stalin]]."<ref>Red Star Over China by Edgar Snow, New York, 1937.</ref> However, in early 1935, after a series of disastrous defeats under the leadership of the so-called "28 Bolsheviks" - Chinese communists trained in Moscow - Mao gained the leadership of the CCP. From then on, for better or for worse, he pursued a policy that was largely independent of Moscow, in spite of paying lip service to the Comintern (Fairbank 307, 310).

==Subversion==

==Subversion==