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| | As no extant Biblical manuscript, from before the time of Muhammed or after him, agrees with the Quranic contradictions, many Muslim apologists look to the [[Gospel of Barnabas]] for support. However, this radically different account is judged by both Christian and secular academics, (and some Muslims such as Abbas el-Akkad), as a late work and pseudepigraphical. With its obvious anachronisms and historical errors (like sailing to Nazareth) and utter lack of early manuscript evidence and irreconcilable differences between it and any ancient manuscripts, it is seen as a fourteenth century attempt to read later Islamic doctrine into the Bible, which clearly refutes it.<ref>http://www.muslimhope.com/ForgeryOfTheGospelOfBarnabas.htm</ref> <ref>http://answering-islam.org/Barnabas/saleeb.html</ref> <ref>http://www.answering-islam.org/Green/barnabas.htm</ref> <ref>http://www.ichthus.info/CaseForChrist/Archeology/intro.html </ref> | | As no extant Biblical manuscript, from before the time of Muhammed or after him, agrees with the Quranic contradictions, many Muslim apologists look to the [[Gospel of Barnabas]] for support. However, this radically different account is judged by both Christian and secular academics, (and some Muslims such as Abbas el-Akkad), as a late work and pseudepigraphical. With its obvious anachronisms and historical errors (like sailing to Nazareth) and utter lack of early manuscript evidence and irreconcilable differences between it and any ancient manuscripts, it is seen as a fourteenth century attempt to read later Islamic doctrine into the Bible, which clearly refutes it.<ref>http://www.muslimhope.com/ForgeryOfTheGospelOfBarnabas.htm</ref> <ref>http://answering-islam.org/Barnabas/saleeb.html</ref> <ref>http://www.answering-islam.org/Green/barnabas.htm</ref> <ref>http://www.ichthus.info/CaseForChrist/Archeology/intro.html </ref> |
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| − | ==Verses of Violence==
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| − | The Qur'an contains scores of verses exhorting Muslims to engage in violence against non - Muslims:
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| − | *"I will cast terror into the hearts of those who disbelieve. Therefore '''strike off their heads''' and '''strike off every fingertip of them'''" (Sura 8 verse 12). <ref>http://www.thereligionofpeace.com/Quran/023-violence.htm</ref>
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| − | *"Say to the Unbelievers, if (now) they desist (from Unbelief), their past would be forgiven them; but if they persist, the punishment of those before them is already (a matter of warning for them). And '''fight them''' on until there is no more tumult or oppression, and there '''prevail justice and faith in Allah''' altogether and everywhere; but if they cease, verily Allah doth see all that they do" (8:38,39)<ref>http://www.usc.edu/dept/MSA/quran/008.qmt.html#008.038</ref>.
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| − | *"So when the sacred months have passed away, then '''slay the idolaters wherever you find them''', and '''take them captives''' and '''besiege them''' and lie in wait for them in every ambush, then if they repent and keep up prayer and pay the poor-rate, leave their way free to them" (Koran 9:5).<ref>http://www.thereligionofpeace.com/Quran/023-violence.htm</ref>.
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| − | *"The Jews call 'Uzair a son of Allah, and the Christians call Christ the son of Allah. That is a saying from their mouth; (in this) they but imitate what the unbelievers of old used to say. Allah's curse be on them: how they are deluded away from the Truth!" (9:30) <ref>http://www.usc.edu/dept/MSA/quran/009.qmt.html#009.030</ref>.
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| − | *"Soon shall We cast terror into the hearts of the Unbelievers, for that they joined companions with Allah, for which He had sent no authority" (Sura 3 verse 151).<ref>http://www.thereligionofpeace.com/Quran/023-violence.htm</ref> This verse commands violence against Christians, who according to Mohammed 'joined Companions with Allah' and are thus infidels who must be killed, subjugated, or converted according to the Koran.
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| − | Christians see such commands and exhortations are being contrary to the teaching of the Bible, as in the [[Old Testament]] ordained violence was limited to a specific area and people, (Dt. 7:1; Ex. 17:16) while under the [New Testament the church did not, in doctrine or in practice, seek to physically rule over those without: (1Cor. 5:12,13), nor use physical violence against them, or in disciplining its members, (Jn. 18:36; Eph. 6:12; 2Cor. 6:1-10; 10:3,4) as it must depend upon spiritual power. The New Testament does however, uphold the just use of the ''sword'' by the established civil powers. (Rm. 14:1-7;2Pet. 2:13,14) Rather than the use of religious violence being a characteristic of Christian groups that take the Bible to be their ultimate authority, more often such go to what some consider extremes of pacifism, while the use of physical violence by a church to subdue spiritual enemies, or to enlarge its reign, is seen by many to be the result of a man or organization being exalted above the Bible.<ref>[http://peacebyjesus.witnesstoday.org/JESUS.Vs.Muhammad.html#4 The New Covenant means of warfare]</ref>
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| | == See also == | | == See also == |