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{{Christianity}}
 
{{Christianity}}
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'''Martin Luther''' (November 10, 1483 - February 18,1546) was the leader of the German [[Reformation]].
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'''Martin Luther''' (November 10, 1483 - February 18, 1546) German religious reformer and theologian began the [[Protestantism|Protestant Reformation]] and founded the Lutheran Church as a branch of [[Christianity]] dominant in Germany<ref> There were many different independent German-speaking countries with different rulers; collectively they were called "Germany."</ref>  and Scandinavia.
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He was a Monk and Theologian whose writing sparked the [[Protestant Reformation]] which led to the founding of the [[Lutheran Church]] as an alternative to the [[Roman Catholic Church]]. From the perspective of [[Roman Catholic]] scholars, Luther remains a monk who overeacted and caused a great deal of needless trouble.  To [[Protestants]], Luther as a prophet has largely been forgotten, but prior to the 18th century, Luther was seen as a witness to and agent of [[Jesus Christ]] who God mysteriously chose to bestow a gift of deep insight into scripture and the true nature of the Catholic church, not unlike the kind of conversion experience given to [[St. Paul]]<ref>''Martin Luther:Prohpet to the Church Catholic'', [[James Atkinson]], Eerdmans, 1983, ISBN 0-8028-1260-0, pp.43-58</ref>. "Luther, and with him all the Reformers of the sixteenth century, German, Swiss, and British alike, believed that God spoke to them in the Scriptures in exactly the same way He had spoken to his prophets and apostles.<ref>''Martin Luther:Prohpet to the Church Catholic'', [[James Atkinson]], Eerdmans, 1983, ISBN 0-8028-1260-0, p.143</ref>"
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[[Image:Luther-Cranach.jpg|thumb|225px]]
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From the perspective of [[Roman Catholic]] scholars, Luther remains a monk who overeacted and caused a great deal of needless trouble.  To [[Mainline]] Protestants, Luther was a great reformer --a witness to and agent of Jesus Christ who God mysteriously chose to bestow a gift of deep insight into scripture and the true nature of the Catholic church, not unlike the kind of conversion experience given to [[St. Paul]]<ref>[[James Atkinson]], ''Martin Luther: Prophet to the Church Catholic'', (1983) , ISBN 0-8028-1260-0, pp.43-58</ref>. "Luther, and with him all the Reformers of the sixteenth century, German, Swiss, and British alike, believed that God spoke to them in the Scriptures in exactly the same way He had spoken to his prophets and apostles.<ref>''Martin Luther:Prohpet to the Church Catholic'', [[James Atkinson]], Eerdmans, 1983, ISBN 0-8028-1260-0, p.143</ref>"
    
== History ==
 
== History ==
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== See also ==
 
== See also ==
 
*[[Priesthood of all believers]]
 
*[[Priesthood of all believers]]
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* [[Lutheranism]]
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==Further reading==
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* [[James Atkinson|Atkinson, James]]. ''Martin Luther: Prophet to the Church Catholic'', (2nd ed. 2004) ISBN 0-8028-1260-0
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* Bainton, Roland H. ''Here I Stand: A Life of Martin Luther'' (1978; reprinted 1995) [http://www.amazon.com/Here-I-Stand-Martin-Luther/dp/0452011469/ref=pd_bbs_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1200876332&sr=8-1 excerpt and text search]
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*  Beard, Charles. ''Martin Luther and the Reformation in Germany Until the Close of the Diet of Worms'' (1896) 468 pages; [http://books.google.com/books?id=YlzNSeh7YgMC&printsec=frontcover&dq=intitle:reformation&lr=&num=30&as_brr=1&ei=Zs6dR-SmO4KAsgP_-rSYCg#PRA1-PR4,M1 complete text online] ''this Charles Beard is not the American historian''
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* Brecht, Martin. ''Martin Luther''. (3 vols. 1985–93), the most complete and intensive study; by a leading German scholar
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* Brown, Christopher Boyd. ''Singing the Gospel: Lutheran Hymns and the Success of the Reformation.'' (2005) [http://www.amazon.com/Singing-Gospel-Lutheran-Reformation-Historical/dp/0674017056/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1201182361&sr=1-1 excerpt and text search]
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* Dickens, A. G. ''Martin Luther and the Reformation'' (1969), basic introduction
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* Edwards, Jr., Mark U. ''Luther's Last Battles: Politics and Polemics, 1531-46'' (1983).
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* [http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09438b.htm  Ganss, Henry G. "Martin Luther," in ''Catholic Encyclopedia (1910) vol 9], a thorough but hostile short biography from a Catholic perspective.
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* Hillerbrand, Hans J. ed. ''The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Reformation.''  ([[OUP]] 1996); the book is online at many academic libraries; [http://www.amazon.com/Oxford-encyclopedia-Reformation/dp/0195103645/ref=sr_1_2?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1201162350&sr=8-2 excerpt and text search]
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* Junghans, Helmar. ''Martin Luther: Exploring His Life and Times, 1483–1546.'' (book plus CD ROM) (1998)
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* [http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/encyc07.l.iii.html Köstlin, Julius. "Martin Luther," ''New Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge,'' (1911) 8:69-79], short older biography by leading German scholar
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* MacCulloch, Diarmaid. ''The Reformation'' (2005), influential recent survey of the entire movement; [http://www.amazon.com/Reformation-Diarmaid-MacCulloch/dp/014303538X/ref=pd_bbs_2?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1200808706&sr=8-2 excerpt and text search]
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* McKim, Donald K., ed. ''The Cambridge Companion to Martin Luther'' (2003), 320pp; 18 essays by scholars; [http://www.questia.com/read/107287993 online edition at [[Questia]]]; also [http://www.amazon.com/Cambridge-Companion-Martin-Companions-Religion/dp/0521016738/ref=sr_1_2?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1200877139&sr=8-2 excerpt and text search]
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* Mullett, Michael A. ''Martin Luther'' (2004) [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=108648744 online edition]
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* Ranke, Leopold von. ''History of the Reformation in Germany'' (1905)  792 pp; by Germany's foremost scholar [http://books.google.com/books?id=KPdBAAAAIAAJ&dq=intitle:history+intitle:reformation&lr=lang_en&num=30&as_brr=1&ei=GsaVR5S0OIXy6gK5z9CeBw complete text online free]
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* Ritter, Gerhard. ''Luther, His Life and Work'' (1963)[http://www.questia.com/library/book/luther-his-life-and-work-by-gerhard-ritter-john-riches.jsp online edition]
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* Schwiebert, Ernest G. ''Luther and His Times: The Reformation from a New Perspective'' (1950), 914pp, stresses the role of universities
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* Smith, Preserved. ''The Life and Letters of Martin Luther.'' (1911) [http://books.google.com/books?id=bngAAAAAMAAJ&dq=intitle:The+intitle:Life+intitle:and+intitle:Letters+intitle:of+intitle:Martin+intitle:Luther&lr=&num=30&as_brr=0&ei=DO-TR86lGKeGtgPWkuxG complete edition online free]
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===Primary sources===
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* Luther, Martin. ''Martin Luther: Selections From His Writings,'' edited by John Dillenberger (1958) [http://www.amazon.com/Martin-Luther-Selections-His-Writings/dp/0385098766/ref=pd_bbs_3?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1200876332&sr=8-3 excerpt and text search]
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* Luther, Martin. ''Martin Luther's Basic Theological Writings'' (with CD-ROM), edited by Jaroslav Jan Pelikan, Timothy F. Lull, and William R. Russell (2005) [http://www.amazon.com/Martin-Luthers-Theological-Writings-CD-ROM/dp/0800636805/ref=pd_bbs_6?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1200876332&sr=8-6 excerpt and text search]
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* Luther, Martin. '' The Letters of Martin Luther'' (1908) [http://books.google.com/books?id=k5T8vh2PUPkC&dq=inauthor:martin+inauthor:luther&lr=&num=30&as_brr=1&ei=dcOVR6LyE4r87QLvyK3SCg full text online free] 
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* Luther, Martin. ''Conversations with Luther...Table Talk'' (1915) [http://books.google.com/books?id=uxkRAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA61&dq=inauthor:martin+inauthor:luther&lr=&num=30&as_brr=1&ei=dcOVR6LyE4r87QLvyK3SCg#PPR3,M1 full text online free] 
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* Luther, Martin. 
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==External links==
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* [http://www.projectwittenberg.org/pub/resources/text/wittenberg/wittenberg-luther.html Project Wittenberg], extensive online collection of primary sources by Luther and his colleagues
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==References==
 
==References==
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