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[[Image:ThurgoodMarshall.jpg|thumb|right|300px]]

[[Image:ThurgoodMarshall.jpg|thumb|right|300px]]

The Honorable '''Thurgood Marshall''' (July 2, 1908 - January 24, 1993) was a [[United States Supreme Court]] Justice from 1967 until his retirement in 1991.  As a lawyer, he took part in the ''[[Brown v. Board of Education]]'' case that desegregated American Public Schools.  Born in Baltimore, Maryland as ''Thoroughgood Marshall'', he shortened it to '''Thurgood''' while in elementary school.  

The Honorable '''Thurgood Marshall''' (July 2, 1908 - January 24, 1993) was a [[United States Supreme Court]] Justice from 1967 until his retirement in 1991.  As a lawyer, he argued the winning side in the ''[[Brown vs. Board of Education]]'' case that desegregated American Public Schools.  Born in Baltimore, Maryland as ''Thoroughgood Marshall'', he shortened it to '''Thurgood''' while in elementary school.  

== Career as a Lawyer ==

== Career as a Lawyer ==

Justice  Marshall worked hard to chip away at the doctrine of "[[separate but equal]]" created by ''[[Plessy v. Ferguson]]''. In 1938, he was appointed by Charles Hamilton Houston, chief legal counsel for the [[NAACP]] at the time, to serve as the leader of NAACP lawyers to argue in civil rights cases before the Supreme Court. Between 1938 and 1961, he argued 32 cases before the Supreme Court and won 29 of them. Some cases include ''[[Smith v. Allwright]]'' (1944), which extended voting rights and desegregation by holding that primary elections cannot be restricted to any race. Other cases include ''[[Morgan v. Virginia]]'' (1946), which was regarding state segregation laws for interstate buses. Justice Marshall argued in this case that the laws were unconstitutional because they violated the [[Interstate Commerce Clause]] of the [[United States Constitution]], successfully overturning them. In 1950, in ''[[Sweatt v. Painter]]'', he was able to chip away at ''Plessy'' even more when the Supreme Court ruled that state law schools must accept applicants regardless of race, even if "separate but equal" schools exist.

Justice  Marshall worked hard to chip away at the doctrine of "[[separate but equal]]" created by ''[[Plessy v. Ferguson]]''. In 1938, he was appointed by Charles Hamilton Houston, chief legal counsel for the [[NAACP]] at the time, to serve as the leader of NAACP lawyers to argue in civil rights cases before the Supreme Court. Between 1938 and 1961, he argued 32 cases before the Supreme Court and won 29 of them. Some cases include ''[[Smith v. Allwright]]'' (1944), which extended voting rights and desegregation by holding that primary elections cannot be restricted to any race. Other cases include ''[[Morgan v. Virginia]]'' (1946), which was regarding state segregation laws for interstate buses. Justice Marshall argued in this case that the laws were unconstitutional because they violated the [[Interstate Commerce Clause]] of the [[United States Constitution]], successfully overturning them. In 1950, in ''[[Sweatt v. Painter]]'', he was able to chip away at ''Plessy'' even more when the Supreme Court ruled that state law schools must accept applicants regardless of race, even if "separate but equal" schools exist.

However, Justice Marshall's greatest Supreme Court victory was ''[[Brown v. Board of Education]]'', which outlawed segregation in education, dissolved the doctrine of "separate but equal," overturning the ''Plessy'' decision, and extended many of the rulings of previous cases he won before the Supreme Court. The ruling thrilled black Americans, as well as people of all other races. The ''Chicago Defender'', a black newspaper, declared after the ruling, "Neither the atom bomb nor the hydrogen bomb will ever be as meaningful to our democracy as the unanimous declaration of the Supreme Court that racial segregation violates the spirit and the letter of our Constitution." <ref>Tolerance.org: Teaching Tolerance: BROWN V. BOARD: An American Legacy http://www.tolerance.org/teach/magazine/features.jsp?ar=485</ref>

However, Justice Marshall's greatest Supreme Court victory was ''[[Brown vs. Board of Education]]'', which outlawed segregation in public education, dissolved the doctrine of "separate but equal," overturning the ''Plessy'' decision, and extended many of the rulings of previous cases he won before the Supreme Court. The ruling thrilled black Americans, as well as people of all other races. The ''Chicago Defender'', a black newspaper, declared after the ruling, "Neither the atom bomb nor the hydrogen bomb will ever be as meaningful to our democracy as the unanimous declaration of the Supreme Court that racial segregation violates the spirit and the letter of our Constitution." <ref>Tolerance.org: Teaching Tolerance: BROWN V. BOARD: An American Legacy http://www.tolerance.org/teach/magazine/features.jsp?ar=485</ref>

 

 

==Appointed as a Judge==

==Appointed as a Judge==