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The '''Protestant Irish''' or '''Scots-Irish''' or '''Scotch-Irish''' were immigrants from Ireland to America of Protestant background. Most were Presbyterians whose ancestors moved from Scotland to Ireland, especially the northeastern part that is today [[Northern Ireland]]. About 250,000 migrated in the period 1710-1770, heading especially to the frontier regions in the South where they were herders and farmers.<ref>Some of these had been Catholic in Ireland but became protestants in America.</ref> From 1800 to 1860 another 100,000 came to America, while others went to Canada.
The '''Protestant Irish''' or '''Scots-Irish''' or '''Scotch-Irish''' were immigrants from Ireland to America of Protestant background. Most were Presbyterians whose ancestors moved from Scotland to Ireland, especially the northeastern part that is today [[Northern Ireland]]. About 250,000 migrated in the period 1710-1770, heading especially to the frontier regions in the South where they were herders and farmers.<ref>Some of these had been Catholic in Ireland but became protestants in America.</ref> They were often called "[[Yeomen|Yeomen]]". From 1800 to 1860 another 100,000 came to America, while others went to Canada.
They called themselves "Irish" --the term "Scots Irish" came later--and produced such notable politicians as [[Andrew Jackson]] (President 1829-37) and [[James Knox Polk]] (President 1845-49). After 1850 or so they lost a sense of ethnicity and blended into the general population.
They called themselves "Irish" --the term "Scots Irish" came later--and produced such notable politicians as [[Andrew Jackson]] (President 1829-37) and [[James Knox Polk]] (President 1845-49). After 1850 or so they lost a sense of ethnicity and blended into the general population.
Although the [[Orange Order]] was strong among Protestant Irish in Canada, it never caught hold in the United States. There were relatively few instances of violence between the Catholic Irish and the protestant Irish--the most notable being riots in Philadelphia in 1844 and New York City in 1870 and 1871.
Although the [[Orange Order]] was strong among Protestant Irish in Canada, it never caught hold in the United States. There were relatively few instances of violence between the Catholic Irish and the protestant Irish--the most notable being riots in Philadelphia in 1844 and New York City in 1870 and 1871.
==Presbyterians==
.
Noll et al (2006) idntify some of the beliefs and practices that are distinct to American Presbyterians, such as their adoption of democratic principles and pluralism. The article is divided into three sections, each of which examines an aspect of American Presbyterianism that sets it apart from Presbyterianism in other parts of the world. The first section identifies what Old and New World Presbyterians have in common, and where they have diverged. Section two points to the 1788 revisions to the Westminster Confession - which recognized separate spheres for church and state - as the significant departure that defined American Presbyterians. The final section suggests that strong Irish influences from Ulster helped establish the distinctive American identity.
==See also==
==See also==
* [[Catholic Irish]]
* [[Catholic Irish]]
* McWhiney, Grady. '' Cracker Culture: Celtic Ways in the Old South'' (1989), scholarly interpretation
* McWhiney, Grady. '' Cracker Culture: Celtic Ways in the Old South'' (1989), scholarly interpretation
* Meagher, Timothy J. ''The Columbia Guide to Irish American History.'' (2005). [http://www.h-net.org/reviews/showrev.php?id=15575 online review]
* Meagher, Timothy J. ''The Columbia Guide to Irish American History.'' (2005). [http://www.h-net.org/reviews/showrev.php?id=15575 online review]
* Noll, Mark; D. G. Hart, and Marilyn J. Westerkamp. "What Has Been Distinctly American about American Presbyterians?" ''Journal of Presbyterian History'' 2006 84(1): 6-22.
* Webb, James. ''Born Fighting: How the Scots-Irish Shaped America'' (2004) by a popular novelist who is now Senator from Virginia; not considered reliable by scholars.
* Webb, James. ''Born Fighting: How the Scots-Irish Shaped America'' (2004) by a popular novelist who is now Senator from Virginia; not considered reliable by scholars.
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