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Line 1: − '''Espionage''' refers to the act of gathering information, generally using subversive means. A person who engages in espionage is called a [[spy]]. It is carried on by Intelligence bureaus operated by the military or the government, such as the [[CIA]], [[KGB]] and [[Mossad]]. − The word ''Espionage'' comes from the [[French]] word ''espionage'', meaning literally "to spy". However, it was the Americans and Soviets who made the most historical use of espionage, during the [[Cold War]]. Almost all countries have used espionage, notably [[Israel]]<ref>http://www.whatreallyhappened.com/spyring.html</ref>, Germany during World War II, and Britain. Espionage is much less talked about today, except for ''industrial espionage'', which is what happens when one company spies on another one, or a government spy agency tries to discover corporate secrets in another country. − − '''Counterintelligence''' is the business of detecting and neutralizing spies. − − Famous spies include [[Mata Hari]], [[Whittaker Chambers]], [[Julius Rosenberg]] and [[Alger Hiss]]. − ==See also== − * [[CIA]], US main spy agency − * [[Glossary of espionage terms]] − * [[KGB]], Soviet spies − * [[Mossad]], Israel − * [[Soviet spies in America (1921-1948)]] − * [[Stasi]], East German spies − * [[Venona files]], decoding Soviet spies − − ==Further reading== − * John Earl Haynes and Harvey Klehr. ''Venona: Decoding Soviet Espionage in America'' (2000) [http://www.amazon.com/Venona-Decoding-Soviet-Espionage-America/dp/0300084625/ref=sr_1_9?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1254148086&sr=1-9 excerpt and text search] − * K. Lee Lerner and Brenda Wilmoth Lerner. ''Encyclopedia of Espionage, Intelligence and Security'' (2003) − * Norman Polmar and Thomas B. Allen. ''Encyclopedia of Espionage'' (1997) − * Trahair, Richard C. S. ''Encyclopedia of Cold War Espionage, Spies, and Secret Operations'' (2004) [http://www.questia.com/SM.qst?act=adv&contributors=Richard%20C.%20S.%20Trahair&dcontributors=Richard%20C.%20S.%20Trahair online edition] − − ==References== − <references/> − − [[Category:Espionage]]
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