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| | In the meantime, however, the <sup>14</sup>C will combine with [[oxygen]] in the atmosphere to form [[carbon dioxide]], which enters the food chain via [[photosynthesis]] in plants.<ref name="TH" /> | | In the meantime, however, the <sup>14</sup>C will combine with [[oxygen]] in the atmosphere to form [[carbon dioxide]], which enters the food chain via [[photosynthesis]] in plants.<ref name="TH" /> |
| | By this means, most living things also have <sup>14</sup>C and <sup>12</sup>C in the same ratio as in the atmosphere. | | By this means, most living things also have <sup>14</sup>C and <sup>12</sup>C in the same ratio as in the atmosphere. |
| − | This ratio is about one <sup>14</sup>C atom for every 1,000,000,000,000 <sup>12</sup>C atoms.<ref name="TH" /> | + | This ratio is about one <sup>14</sup>C atom for every 1,000,000,000,000 currently but this is a decelerating rate of change. <sup>12</sup>C atoms.<ref name="TH" /> |
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| | However, when the sample dies, it stops ingesting <sup>14</sup>C, so as the <sup>14</sup>C decays to <sup>14</sup>N, the ratio of <sup>14</sup>C and <sup>12</sup>C changes. | | However, when the sample dies, it stops ingesting <sup>14</sup>C, so as the <sup>14</sup>C decays to <sup>14</sup>N, the ratio of <sup>14</sup>C and <sup>12</sup>C changes. |
| | This ratio of <sup>14</sup>C to <sup>12</sup>C is measured and a calculation turns the measurement into a figure representing how long ago the sample died. | | This ratio of <sup>14</sup>C to <sup>12</sup>C is measured and a calculation turns the measurement into a figure representing how long ago the sample died. |
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| − | Depending on the method used to measure the <sup>14</sup>C, after about 50,000 years or so there is not enough left to measure, although advanced techniques can possibly stretch that to 100,000 years.<ref>Nave, R., [http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/nuclear/cardat.html Carbon Dating], Georgia State University.</ref>
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| − | This then becomes the maximum age that can theoretically be derived by this method.
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| − | Therefore, any sample with too little <sup>14</sup>C to measure must, in theory, be older than 50,000 to 100,000 years, and it is not possible to determine how much older.
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| − | Similarly, any sample with measurable <sup>14</sup>C must be younger than 50,000 to 100,000 years, assuming that adequate precautions have been taken to eliminate contamination.
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| | == Limits of Carbon Dating == | | == Limits of Carbon Dating == |