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bono act, more links
*Note: Sound recordings are defined in the law as “works that result from the fixation of a series of musical, spoken, or other sounds, but not including the sounds accompanying a motion picture or other audiovisual work.” Common examples include recordings of music, drama, or lectures. A sound recording is not the same as a phonorecord. A phonorecord is the physical object in which works of authorship are embodied. The word “phonorecord” includes cassette tapes, CDs, LPs, 45 r.p.m. disks, as well as other formats.
*Note: Sound recordings are defined in the law as “works that result from the fixation of a series of musical, spoken, or other sounds, but not including the sounds accompanying a motion picture or other audiovisual work.” Common examples include recordings of music, drama, or lectures. A sound recording is not the same as a phonorecord. A phonorecord is the physical object in which works of authorship are embodied. The word “phonorecord” includes cassette tapes, CDs, LPs, 45 r.p.m. disks, as well as other formats.
== Copyright as Property ==
Copyrights, [[patents]], and [[trademarks]] are often referred to as "[[intellectual property]]". It is legally a form of property in many countries; however, according to the Constitution's description and historical views described above, it is technically a [[protectionist]] measure in the United States. For this reason, it falls under the federal court system (unlike other property disputes which are usually handled by the states).
To get around this limitation, extensions such as those listed above have been passed. In 1998, the [[Sonny Bono]] Copyright Term Extension Act (aka the "Bono Act") increased copyright terms as much as 120 years after the artist's death. It is often called the "[[Mickey Mouse]] Act" due to the law setting the public domain cutoff at 1923, a year close to the emergence of Disney's popular cartoon characters. In ''Eldred v. Ashcroft'' (2003), the Supreme Court ruled in favor of the Bono Act, claiming that the Constitution's "limited" could mean a term of any length.
== References ==
== References ==
* [http://www.copyright.gov/circs/circ1.html United States Copyright Office Basics]
* [http://www.copyright.gov/circs/circ1.html United States Copyright Office Basics]
* [http://www.copyright.cornell.edu/public_domain/ Summary of public domain]
* [http://www.copyright.cornell.edu/public_domain/ Listing of copyright term lengths and public domain information]
* [http://www.lewrockwell.com/blog/lewrw/archives/028349.html Graph showing extensions since 1790]
* [http://mises.org/books/against.pdf Against Intellectual Property] Pro-libertarian argument by Stephan Kinsella (PDF)
[[Category:Legal Terms]]
[[Category:Legal Terms]]
[[Category:Copyright| ]]
[[Category:Copyright| ]]