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→Presidential controls
The idea of [[judicial review]] (the power of the Supreme Court to declare a law unconstitutional), implied by the Constitution, but established by the ruling of Chief Justice [[John Marshall]] in the famous case ''[[Marbury v. Madison]]'', established the Supreme Court's power. In this case, Justice Marshall declared that the Supreme Court could overrule any law passed by Congress that violated Constitutional.
The idea of [[judicial review]] (the power of the Supreme Court to declare a law unconstitutional), implied by the Constitution, but established by the ruling of Chief Justice [[John Marshall]] in the famous case ''[[Marbury v. Madison]]'', established the Supreme Court's power. In this case, Justice Marshall declared that the Supreme Court could overrule any law passed by Congress that violated Constitutional.
==Presidential controls==
==Presidential controls==
While this decision provided that the Supreme Court keeps the other two branches in check, there are next to no checks on the Supreme Court, except for appointments and impeachment. Impeachment has not been used since President [[Thomas Jefferson]] failed in 1805 to secure the conviction of [[Samuel Chase]], a member of the opposition party, although he did manage to get articles of impeachment passed.
While this decision provided that the Supreme Court keeps the other two branches in check, there are next to no checks on the Supreme Court, except for appointments and impeachment. Impeachment has not been used since President [[Thomas Jefferson]] failed in 1805 to secure the conviction of [[Samuel Chase]], a member of the opposition party, although he did manage to get articles of impeachment passed. Jefferson did succeed in abolishing lower courts and thus remove judged appointed by his opponents.
President [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] tried to seize control of the Court in 1937 by expanding it with five new members. He had huge majorities in both houses of Congress--and only needed a simple majority to pass the new law--but conservative Democrats revolted and defeated his power grab.
President [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] tried to seize control of the Court in 1937 by expanding it with five new members. He had huge majorities in both houses of Congress--and only needed a simple majority to pass the new law--but conservative Democrats revolted and defeated his power grab.