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'''Calculus''' is the [[mathematics|mathematical]] subject that studies rates of change of functions. There are several branches of calculus, including [[derivative|differential]] calculus, [[integral]] calculus, single [[variable]] calculus, [[exterior calculus]], and multi [[variable]] calculus.

::The word "calculus" has historically had a much more general meaning than at present.  It means "a method or 'trick' for calculating something".  (The word means "little stone" in Latin, referring to the use of pebbles for counting.)  Among the types of calculus are:

:::*'''Propositional calculus'''—a notation for proving theorems about logical expressions.

:::*'''Predicate calculus'''—a notation for proving theorems about functions in [[set theory]].

:::*'''Lambda calculus'''—a notation for proving theorems about recursive functions and computability in [[computer science]].

:::*'''Residue calculus'''—a trick for evaluating integrals of complex functions around a closed loop, by examining the singularities of the function inside the loop.

:::*and, of course, '''Differential''' and '''Integral''' calculus—the common modern meaning of the term, and the subject of this article.  These two forms are sometimes collectively called '''infinitesimal calculus'''.

Calculus has numerous applications in [[engineering]] and [[physics]].  Many physical properties can be explained and/or modeled through the use of calculus.  See:[[derivative]] and [[integral]].

 

Calculus has numerous applications in many fields, such as [[engineering]], [[physics]], [[chemistry]], [[biology]], and [[economics]].  Many physical properties can be explained and/or modeled through the use of calculus.

[[Isaac Newton]] was one of the most famous inventors of calculus, however there are several others who developed calculus simultaneously including [[Gottfried Leibniz]].<ref>Calculus, 5th edition, by James Stewart, Nelson Canada</ref>  The [[Calculus Controversy|disagreement]] over the originator of calculus created rifts within the European mathematical community for years.

[[Isaac Newton]] was one of the most famous inventors of calculus, however there are several others who developed calculus simultaneously including [[Gottfried Leibniz]].<ref>Calculus, 5th edition, by James Stewart, Nelson Canada</ref>  The [[Calculus Controversy|disagreement]] over the originator of calculus created rifts within the European mathematical community for years.