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The '''PWA''' or '''Public Works Administration''' of 1933 was a part of the first [[New Deal]], and operated 1933-1939. It was designed as a stimuls program for building large scale public works, such as major dame. It stood in contrast with the ival agency the WPA, which built smaller projects and was more politicized. The PWA did not directly hire workers; it made contracts with private construction firms that did the actual work. The PWA  was headed by  Secretary of the Interior [[Harold L. Ickes]], a leading liberal Democrat.  It was created by the [[National Industrial Recovery Act]] in June 1933 in the midst of the [[Great Depression]].  It allotted $3.3 billion to be spent on the construction of [[public works]] as a means of providing employment, stabilizing purchasing power, improving public welfare, and contributing to a revival of  American industry. Most of the spending came in two waves in 1933-35, and again in 1938. It was closed down in 1939.

The '''PWA''' or '''Public Works Administration''' of 1933 was a part of the first [[New Deal]], and operated 1933-1939. It was designed as a stimuls program for building large scale public works, such as major dame. It stood in contrast with the rival agency with similar initials the [[WPA]], which built smaller projects and was more politicized. The PWA did not directly hire workers; it made contracts with private construction firms that did the actual work. The PWA  was headed by  Secretary of the Interior [[Harold L. Ickes]], a leading liberal Democrat.  It was created by the [[National Industrial Recovery Act]] in June 1933 in the midst of the [[Great Depression]].  It allotted $3.3 billion to be spent on the construction of [[public works]] as a means of providing employment, stabilizing purchasing power, improving public welfare, and contributing to a revival of  American industry. Most of the spending came in two waves in 1933-35, and again in 1938. It was closed down in 1939.

[[Image:Pwa1.jpg|thumb|550px|collapse of private construction and dominant role of public works during the Great Depression]]

[[Image:Pwa1.jpg|thumb|550px|collapse of private construction and dominant role of public works during the Great Depression]]

The PWA spent over $6 billion, and helped to push industry back toward pre-Depression levels.  It lowered unemployment and created an infrastructure that generated local pride in the 1930s and remains vital seven decades later.  

The PWA spent over $6 billion, and helped to push industry back toward pre-Depression levels.  It lowered unemployment and created an infrastructure that generated local pride in the 1930s and remains vital seven decades later.  

{{Main|New Deal}}

{{Main|New Deal}}

==References==

==References==

* Clarke, Jeanne Nienaber.  ''Roosevelt's Warrior: Harold L. Ickes and the New Deal.'' 1996. 414 pp.   

* Clarke, Jeanne Nienaber.  ''Roosevelt's Warrior: Harold L. Ickes and the New Deal.'' (1996). 414 pp.   

* Kruman, Marie W. "Quotas for Blacks: the Public Works Administration and the Black Construction Worker." ''Labor History'' 1975 16(1): 37-51. Issn: 0023-656x Fulltext: in Ebsco

* Kruman, Marie W. "Quotas for Blacks: the Public Works Administration and the Black Construction Worker." ''Labor History'' 1975 16(1): 37-51. Issn: 0023-656x Fulltext: in Ebsco

* Reeves, William D. "PWA and Competitive Administration in the New Deal." ''Journal of American History'' 1973 60(2): 357-372. Issn: 0021-8723 Fulltext: in Jstor

* Reeves, William D. "PWA and Competitive Administration in the New Deal." ''Journal of American History'' 1973 60(2): 357-372. Issn: 0021-8723 [http://www.jstor.org/stable/2936780  in JSTOR]

* Jason Scott Smith, ''Building New Deal Liberalism: The Political Economy of Public Works, 1933-1956'' (2006)

* Jason Scott Smith, ''Building New Deal Liberalism: The Political Economy of Public Works, 1933-1956'' (2006)

* Watkins, T. H.  ''Righteous Pilgrim: The Life and Times of Harold L. Ickes, 1874-1952.'' 1990. 1010 pp.   

* Watkins, T. H.  ''Righteous Pilgrim: The Life and Times of Harold L. Ickes, 1874-1952.'' (1990). 1010 pp.   

===Primary sources===

===Primary sources===