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Line 1: − '''Berwick upon Tweed''' in [[Northumberland]] is the northernmost town in [[England]], located where the [[River Tweed]] flows into the [[North Sea]]. It was much fought over during the Anglo-Scottish wars of the [[Middle Ages]], changing hands thirteen times between the thirteenth and fifteenth centuries, and finally coming under [[English]] control in 1482. [[Queen Elizabeth I]] had the walls of Berwick rebuilt to the most modern standards, and these walls form one of the finest monuments of sixteenth century military engineering in northern [[Europe]]. Medieval Berwick had been [[Scotland]]'s richest port, and under English rule it was also to become a prosperous trading centre, exporting [[wheat]] from its agricultural hinterland, eggs, and [[salmon]] from the rich waters of the Tweed. Berwick 'proper' lies north of the River Tweed, and its suburbs of Tweedmouth and Spittal lie south of the river. − Berwick's medieval castle, which lay outside the later Elizabethan walls, was largely demolished when the [[Edinburgh]]-[[Newcastle]] railway was built through the town in the late 1840s; only a few fragments remain. − − [[Category:United Kingdom Cities and Towns]]
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