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'''Portsmouth''' is a port city in [[Hampshire]], on the South Coast of [[England]]. It is located on Portsea Island, a small island separated from the mainland (to the north) by a narrow creek, crossed by three road bridges (East to west, these are the A2030 dual carrigeway bridge, the old A3 bridge, and the modern M275 motorway causeway) and a twin track rail bridge that carries the Portsmouth Direct Line from London Waterloo. The island is bounded by Langstone Harbour to the east, Portsmouth Harbour to the west. To the south lies The Solent, a tidal strait 2-3 miles wide, with the Isle of Wight to the south.  

'''Portsmouth''' is a port city in [[Hampshire]], on the South Coast of [[England]]. It is located on Portsea Island, a small island separated from the mainland (to the north) by a narrow creek, crossed by three road bridges (East to west, these are the A2030 dual carrigeway bridge, the old A3 bridge, and the modern M275 motorway causeway) and a twin track rail bridge that carries the Portsmouth Direct Line from London Waterloo. The island is bounded by Langstone Harbour to the east, Portsmouth Harbour to the west. To the south lies The Solent, a tidal strait 2-3 miles wide, with the Isle of Wight to the south.  

Portsmouth makes it the only island-city in the United Kingdom. The island itself forms the eastern edge of a fine natural harbour (Portsmouth Harbour), the advantages of which have led to Portsmouth's long history as a naval base, which continues to this day, with Portsmouth currently home to the Royal Navy's flag ship, HMS Ark Royal. Portsmouth was one of the most heavily fortified towns in Britain in the 19th century, when Lord Palmerstone, fearing a French invasion built massive sea fortresses at strategic points in The Solent, backed up defensive lines on the [[Gosport]] peninsula and the long ridge of Portsdown Hill to protect the base against a feared French attack. However, Portsmouth had been defended long before, with the first defensive and ports structures built by the Romans in the northern reaches of the harbour. Some structures remain to this day, and the etymology of the name of this area of the harbour ("Portchester") betrays it's Roman origins. Later on, the Tudors strengthened the defences of the approach to the harbour by developing Southsea Castle and the early elements of the "Hot Walls" along the islands south-western coast, by the harbour mouth. These survive today, in a much upgraded form. The Round Tower, one piece of these defences by the harbour mouth, is frequently used by well-wishers and family to send off and welcome home the ships of the Royal Navy.  

Portsmouth makes it the only island-city in the United Kingdom. The island itself forms the eastern edge of a fine natural harbour (Portsmouth Harbour), the advantages of which have led to Portsmouth's long history as a naval base, which continues to this day, with Portsmouth currently home to the Royal Navy's flag ship, HMS Ark Royal. Portsmouth was one of the most heavily fortified towns in Britain in the 19th century, when Lord Palmerstone, fearing a French invasion built massive sea fortresses at strategic points in The Solent, backed up defensive lines on the [[Gosport]] peninsula and the long ridge of Portsdown Hill to protect the base against a feared French attack. However, Portsmouth had been defended long before, with the first defensive and ports structures built by the Romans in the northern reaches of the harbour. Some structures remain to this day, and the etymology of the name of this area of the harbour ("Portchester") betrays its Roman origins. Later on, the Tudors strengthened the defences of the approach to the harbour by developing Southsea Castle and the early elements of the "Hot Walls" along the islands south-western coast, by the harbour mouth. These survive today, in a much upgraded form. The Round Tower, one piece of these defences by the harbour mouth, is frequently used by well-wishers and family to send off and welcome home the ships of the Royal Navy.  

During the [[Second World War]] Portsmouth suffered heavy bombing by the [[Luftwaffe]], and was extensively redeveloped in the 1950's and 60's a result, which has result in the loss of much of the architectural heritage of the city centre.

During the [[Second World War]] Portsmouth suffered heavy bombing by the [[Luftwaffe]], and was extensively redeveloped in the 1950's and 60's a result, which has result in the loss of much of the architectural heritage of the city centre.

== University ==

== University ==

Portsmouth is home the University of Portsmouth. Founded in 1869 as the Portsmouth & Gospel School of Science and the Arts, it gained it's Royal Charter in 1992, and become one of the "New Universities". Unlike many similar institutions, it has rapidly gained credibility and academic strength, particularly in pharmacology, biosciences and computer sciences/electronic engineering. It's teaching of social sciences is also respected. The university is a major employer in the city, and it's many innovative and striking campus buildings have given a new image to the city centre, which was previously noted mostly for it's scarring by hasty post-war rebuilding.

Portsmouth is home the University of Portsmouth. Founded in 1869 as the Portsmouth & Gospel School of Science and the Arts, it gained its Royal Charter in 1992, and become one of the "New Universities". Unlike many similar institutions, it has rapidly gained credibility and academic strength, particularly in pharmacology, biosciences and computer sciences/electronic engineering. Its teaching of social sciences is also respected. The university is a major employer in the city, and its many innovative and striking campus buildings have given a new image to the city centre, which was previously noted mostly for its scarring by hasty post-war rebuilding.

==Famous natives==

==Famous natives==