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[[File:Tavern.jpg|thumb|380px]]

[[File:Tavern.jpg|thumb|380px]]

==North America==

==North America==

Americans drank heavily, for rum was cheap. In 1770 per capita consumption was 3.7 gallons of distilled spirits per year, or approximately seven shots a day, with the men consuming most of the quote for women and children. That 3.7 gallons does not include the beer or hard cider that colonists routinely drank in addition to rum, the most popular distilled beverage available in English America. Benjamin Franklin printed a "Drinker's Dictionary" in his ''Pennsylvania Gazette'' in 1737, listing some 228 slang terms used for drunkenness in Philadelphia.  

Americans drank heavily, for rum was cheap. In 1770 per capita consumption was 3.7 gallons of distilled spirits per year, or approximately seven shots a day, with the men consuming most of the quota for women and children. That 3.7 gallons does not include the beer or hard cider that colonists routinely drank in addition to rum, the most popular distilled beverage available in English America. Benjamin Franklin printed a "Drinker's Dictionary" in his ''Pennsylvania Gazette'' in 1737, listing some 228 slang terms used for drunkenness in Philadelphia.  

The sheer volume of hard liquor consumption fell off, but beer grew in popularity and men developed customs and traditions based on how to behave at the tavern. By 1900 the 26 million American men over age 18 patronized 215,000 licensed taverns and probably 50,000 unlicensed (illegal) ones, or one per hundred men.  Twice the density could be found in working class neighborhoods. They served mostly beer--about a quart of beer per day per man. But probably half the American men avoided saloons, so the average consumption for actual patrons was more like a half-gallon of beer per day, six days a week. The city of Boston (with about 200,000 adult men) counted 227,000 daily saloon customers.<ref> Kingston (1973) p 472-3. About half the men belonged to pietistic Protestant churches (such as Methodists and Baptists) that severely frowned on drinking.</ref>

The sheer volume of hard liquor consumption fell off, but beer grew in popularity and men developed customs and traditions based on how to behave at the tavern. By 1900 the 26 million American men over age 18 patronized 215,000 licensed taverns and probably 50,000 unlicensed (illegal) ones, or one per hundred men.  Twice the density could be found in working class neighborhoods. They served mostly beer--about a quart of beer per day per man. But probably half the American men avoided saloons, so the average consumption for actual patrons was more like a half-gallon of beer per day, six days a week. The city of Boston (with about 200,000 adult men) counted 227,000 daily saloon customers.<ref> Kingston (1973) p 472-3. About half the men belonged to pietistic Protestant churches (such as Methodists and Baptists) that severely frowned on drinking.</ref>