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Perhaps the most famous American tavern is '''Fraunces Tavern''', corner of Broad and Pearl streets in lower Manhattan. Originally built as a residence in 1719, it was opened as a tavern by Samuel Fraunces, a West Indian black, in 1762, and became a popular gathering place. Fraunces Tavern was the site of merchants' meetings on the post-1763 taxes, plots by the Sons of Liberty, entertainments for British and Loyalist officers during the Revolution. In its Long Room, on Dec. 4, 1783, General George Washington said farewell to his officers. It is still in operation--and is the oldest building in the city.

Perhaps the most famous American tavern is '''Fraunces Tavern''', corner of Broad and Pearl streets in lower Manhattan. Originally built as a residence in 1719, it was opened as a tavern by Samuel Fraunces, a West Indian black, in 1762, and became a popular gathering place. Fraunces Tavern was the site of merchants' meetings on the post-1763 taxes, plots by the Sons of Liberty, entertainments for British and Loyalist officers during the Revolution. In its Long Room, on Dec. 4, 1783, General George Washington said farewell to his officers. It is still in operation--and is the oldest building in the city.

Kaplan (1995)  reports an escalation of tavern violence in antebellum New York City as a manifestation of a developing working-class male identity. This was due to the rapid growth of taverns, and their roles as centers of working-class social life. Brawling fostered a male identity that was centered on physical courage, independence, and class pride. Irish and German influences contributed to the violence, as did racial and ethnic prejudice. Sexual assaults against women increased because women were working in factories and more exposed to these dangers in the city. Women were regarded as depersonalized objects, and gang rapes were viewed as a form of male bonding.<ref> Michael Kaplan, "New York City Tavern Violence and the Creation of a Working-Class Male Identity." ''Journal of the Early Republic 1995'' 15(4): 591-617. [http://www.jstor.org/stable/3124015  in JSTOR]; [http://matrix.msu.edu/hst/hst202/docs/kaplan_article.pdf online free] </ref>  

Kaplan (1995)  reports an escalation of tavern violence in antebellum New York City as a manifestation of a developing working-class male identity. This was due to the rapid growth of taverns, and their roles as centers of working-class social life. Brawling fostered a male identity that was centered on physical courage, independence, and class pride. Irish and German influences contributed to the violence, as did racial and ethnic prejudice. Sexual assaults against women increased because women were working in factories and more exposed to these dangers in the city. (Male-on-male violence was common inside the tavern; rapes happened outside or around the back.) Women were regarded as depersonalized objects, and gang rapes were viewed as a form of male bonding.<ref> Michael Kaplan, "New York City Tavern Violence and the Creation of a Working-Class Male Identity." ''Journal of the Early Republic 1995'' 15(4): 591-617. [http://www.jstor.org/stable/3124015  in JSTOR]; [http://matrix.msu.edu/hst/hst202/docs/kaplan_article.pdf online free] </ref>

 

===New England===

===New England===

The heavy Puritan heritage of New England meant that local government was strong enough to regulate--and close--rowdy places. But the power of ministers faded, and by the 1720s provincial leaders recognized that they could not eradicate hard drinking in taverns. From that point until after the American Revolution, the tavern was a widely accepted institution in Massachusetts.  

The heavy Puritan heritage of New England meant that local government was strong enough to regulate--and close--rowdy places. But the power of ministers faded, and by the 1720s provincial leaders recognized that they could not eradicate hard drinking in taverns. From that point until after the American Revolution, the tavern was a widely accepted institution in Massachusetts.