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'''Paul LeRoy Bustill Robeson''' (April 9, 1898–January 23, 1976) was an African American actor of film and stage, All-American and professional athlete, writer, multi-lingual orator, lawyer, and ''basso profondo'' concert singer who used his talents to support [[Joseph Stalin]] and [[Communism]], even overlooking to the torture and killing of his Russian friends.  Robeson was a left-wing trade union activist, a "peace activist" on Soviet terms, a [[Phi Beta Kappa Society]] laureate, and a recipient of the Spingarn Medal and [[Stalin Peace Prize]]. His close ties to Communism led to his passport being revoked from 1950 to 1958 under the [[McCarran Act]] and he was under surveillance by the U.S. [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]], [[Central Intelligence Agency]] and by British [[MI5]] for well over three decades until his death in 1976.  

'''Paul LeRoy Bustill Robeson''' (April 9, 1898–January 23, 1976) was an African American actor of film and stage, All-American and professional athlete, writer, multi-lingual orator, lawyer, and ''basso profondo'' concert singer who used his talents to support [[Joseph Stalin]] and [[Communism]], even overlooking to the torture and killing of his Russian friends.  Robeson was a left-wing trade union activist, a [[Phi Beta Kappa Society]] laureate, and a recipient of the Spingarn Medal and [[Stalin Peace Prize]]. His close ties to Communism, anti-Colonialism activism including support for [[Ho Chi Minh]]., anti-lynching activism, led to his passport being revoked from 1950 to 1958 under the [[McCarran Act]] and he was under surveillance by the U.S. [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]], [[Central Intelligence Agency]] and by British [[MI5]] for well over three decades until his death in 1976.  

Robeson was a hero to the far left and while not formally a member of the Communist Party, it relied upon him for support in their relentless efforts to appeal to black Americans.  His efforts to turn blacks against America failed, and the civil rights movement kept its distance from this provocateur who threatened to disgrace and distort their movement on behalf of civil rights and  American values.

Robeson was a hero to the far left and while not formally a member of the Communist Party, it relied upon him for support in their relentless efforts to appeal to black Americans.  His efforts to turn blacks against America failed, and the civil rights movement kept its distance from this provocateur who threatened to disgrace and distort their movement on behalf of civil rights and  American values.