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Line 634: − − − '''The time of the Messiah's coming was predicted''' − − OT Prophecy: − − The statue in Nebuchadnezzar's dream (Dan 2) and the four beasts in Daniel's dream (Dan 7) represent four kingdoms: Babylon, Medo-Persia, Greece and Rome. At the time of the fourth kingdom (Rome) "the God of heaven will set up a kingdom which shall never be destroyed; and the kingdom shall not be left to other people; it shall break in pieces and consume all these kingdoms, and it shall stand forever.” (Dan 2:44) − − Commentary: − − The Talmud records how after a time of 2,000 years of Torah should have come the time of the Messiah for 2,000 years, but somehow something went wrong: − − "The tradition of Elijah teaches that the world is to exist for six thousand years; in the first two thousand desolation; in the next two thousand the Torah will flourish and the next two thousand are the days of the Messiah but on account of our sins, which were great, things turned out as they did." (Sanhedrin 97a) − According to Jewish tradition, the world was created in 3761 BC. The 2,000 years of desolation should have lasted until approximately 1761 BC, at which time would have begun the age of the Torah (according to conservative biblical chronology, the Exodus and giving of the Torah occurred around 1445 BC, which is relatively close). Then, after 2,000 years of Torah, the age of the Messiah should have begun around 239 AD and lasted until 2239 AD. According to the Talmud, therefore, the Messiah should have come already; indeed we are even nearing the end of the Messianic age according to the talmudic calculations! − − NT Fulfillment: − − Jesus appeared and proclaimed the kingdom of God at the time of the Roman occupation in Judea, within the timeframe of Daniel's prophecies. − − − − − '''The Messiah will be cut off before the destruction of the temple''' − − OT Prophecy: − − ...from the going forth of the command to restore and build Jerusalem until Messiah the Prince, there shall be seven weeks and sixty-two weeks... And after the sixty-two weeks Messiah shall be cut off, but not for Himself; And the people of the prince who is to come shall destroy the city and the sanctuary. (Dan 9:25-26) − − Commentary: − The prophecy: 69 "weeks" (x 7 years) after the command to rebuild Jerusalem, the Messiah will be "cut off," after which the city and sanctuary will be destroyed. − The command to rebuild Jerusalem mentioned in Daniel 9:25 was decreed by king Artarxerxes of Persia in the month of Nisan of the 20th year of his reign. (Neh 2:1-8) − Artarxerxes began to reign in 465 BC. The 20th year of his reign is 445 BC. The 1st of Nissan, 445 BC = March 14, 445 BC. − Daniel's prophecy predicts that there will be 7+ 62= 69 weeks from the command to rebuild Jerusalem to the coming of the Messiah (1 “week” = 7 years). − 69 “weeks” x 7 years = 483 Babylonian years (one Babylonian year = 360 days) − 483 Babylonian years = 476 Julian years + 21 days (one Julian year = 365.25 days) − 445 BC + 476 years = 32 AD. − March 14, 32 AD + 21 days = April 4, 32 AD. This is the date at which the Messiah was to be "cut off" according to Daniel. − Passover fell on April 10, 32 AD! If Jesus was crucified on Passover of that year, this is extremely close to Daniel's dating! − Even the Talmud speaks of how 40 years before the destruction of the Temple (i.e. 30 AD, around the time of the crucifixion) the atoning sacrifices lost their power and the gates of the Holy of Holies opened by themselves. The tractate Yoma describes how previously the crimson-coloured strap which was tied between the horns of the bullock on Yom Kippur became white, signifying that God had forgiven Israel's sin. But 40 years before the destruction of the Temple it ceased to turn white. Also the westernmost light on the candlestick in the Temple, which previously remained lighted as a sign that the Shechinah rested over Israel, ceased to burn at the same time: − − During the last forty years before the destruction of the Temple the lot did not come up in the right hand; nor did the crimson-coloured strap become white, nor did its westernmost lamp shine; and the doors of the sanctuary opened themselves Then Rabbi Johanan Ben Zakkai rebuked them, saying, ‘Temple, why dost thou grieve so? I know this about thee, that thou shalt be destroyed.” (Yoma 39b) (cf. Santala, p. 105) − It is remarkable that such dramatic changes in the Temple service mysteriously occurred right around the time of Jesus' crucifixion! − NT Fulfillment: − − The command to rebuild Jerusalem was decreed by king Artaxerxes in 445 BC (Neh 2:1-8). 69 "weeks" of 7 years later brings us to AD 32. In that year Jesus the Messiah was crucified ("cut off"). At the same time, the atoning sacrifices in the Temple lost their power, and shortly thereafter (70 AD) the Romans destroyed the city and the Temple. − − '''The Messiah has two missions to carry out'''+ Line 656:
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Messianic Prophecies (view source)
Revision as of 23:33, November 30, 2009
, 23:33, November 30, 2009Organized into sections
There many passages of the Old Testament that Christians and Messianic Jews view as being prophecies of Jesus as the Messiah. The following are the key passages with commentary both modern and from anscient Jewish sources:
There many passages of the Old Testament that Christians and Messianic Jews view as being prophecies of Jesus as the Messiah. The following are the key passages with commentary both modern and from ancient Jewish sources:
==Lineage and Birth==
===The Messiah will be the seed of the woman===
OT Prophecy:
OT Prophecy:
===The Messiah will be Son of Abraham===
OT Prophecy:
OT Prophecy:
===The Messiah will be a descendant of Jacob===
OT Prophecy:
OT Prophecy:
===The Messiah will be from the tribe of Judah===
OT Prophecy:
OT Prophecy:
===The Messiah will be a descendant of David===
OT Prophecy:
OT Prophecy:
===The Messiah will be born of a virgin===
OT Prophecy:
OT Prophecy:
===The Messiah will be born in Bethlehem===
OT Prophecy:
OT Prophecy:
'''The Messiah will minister in Galilee'''
===The time of the Messiah's coming was predicted===
OT Prophecy:
The statue in Nebuchadnezzar's dream (Dan 2) and the four beasts in Daniel's dream (Dan 7) represent four kingdoms: Babylon, Medo-Persia, Greece and Rome. At the time of the fourth kingdom (Rome) "the God of heaven will set up a kingdom which shall never be destroyed; and the kingdom shall not be left to other people; it shall break in pieces and consume all these kingdoms, and it shall stand forever.” (Dan 2:44)
Commentary:
The Talmud records how after a time of 2,000 years of Torah should have come the time of the Messiah for 2,000 years, but somehow something went wrong:
"The tradition of Elijah teaches that the world is to exist for six thousand years; in the first two thousand desolation; in the next two thousand the Torah will flourish and the next two thousand are the days of the Messiah but on account of our sins, which were great, things turned out as they did." (Sanhedrin 97a)
According to Jewish tradition, the world was created in 3761 BC. The 2,000 years of desolation should have lasted until approximately 1761 BC, at which time would have begun the age of the Torah (according to conservative biblical chronology, the Exodus and giving of the Torah occurred around 1445 BC, which is relatively close). Then, after 2,000 years of Torah, the age of the Messiah should have begun around 239 AD and lasted until 2239 AD. According to the Talmud, therefore, the Messiah should have come already; indeed we are even nearing the end of the Messianic age according to the talmudic calculations!
NT Fulfillment:
Jesus appeared and proclaimed the kingdom of God at the time of the Roman occupation in Judea, within the timeframe of Daniel's prophecies.
===The Messiah will be cut off before the destruction of the temple===
OT Prophecy:
...from the going forth of the command to restore and build Jerusalem until Messiah the Prince, there shall be seven weeks and sixty-two weeks... And after the sixty-two weeks Messiah shall be cut off, but not for Himself; And the people of the prince who is to come shall destroy the city and the sanctuary. (Dan 9:25-26)
Commentary:
The prophecy: 69 "weeks" (x 7 years) after the command to rebuild Jerusalem, the Messiah will be "cut off," after which the city and sanctuary will be destroyed.
The command to rebuild Jerusalem mentioned in Daniel 9:25 was decreed by king Artarxerxes of Persia in the month of Nisan of the 20th year of his reign. (Neh 2:1-8)
Artarxerxes began to reign in 465 BC. The 20th year of his reign is 445 BC. The 1st of Nissan, 445 BC = March 14, 445 BC.
Daniel's prophecy predicts that there will be 7+ 62= 69 weeks from the command to rebuild Jerusalem to the coming of the Messiah (1 “week” = 7 years).
69 “weeks” x 7 years = 483 Babylonian years (one Babylonian year = 360 days)
483 Babylonian years = 476 Julian years + 21 days (one Julian year = 365.25 days)
445 BC + 476 years = 32 AD.
March 14, 32 AD + 21 days = April 4, 32 AD. This is the date at which the Messiah was to be "cut off" according to Daniel.
Passover fell on April 10, 32 AD! If Jesus was crucified on Passover of that year, this is extremely close to Daniel's dating!
Even the Talmud speaks of how 40 years before the destruction of the Temple (i.e. 30 AD, around the time of the crucifixion) the atoning sacrifices lost their power and the gates of the Holy of Holies opened by themselves. The tractate Yoma describes how previously the crimson-coloured strap which was tied between the horns of the bullock on Yom Kippur became white, signifying that God had forgiven Israel's sin. But 40 years before the destruction of the Temple it ceased to turn white. Also the westernmost light on the candlestick in the Temple, which previously remained lighted as a sign that the Shechinah rested over Israel, ceased to burn at the same time:
During the last forty years before the destruction of the Temple the lot did not come up in the right hand; nor did the crimson-coloured strap become white, nor did its westernmost lamp shine; and the doors of the sanctuary opened themselves Then Rabbi Johanan Ben Zakkai rebuked them, saying, ‘Temple, why dost thou grieve so? I know this about thee, that thou shalt be destroyed.” (Yoma 39b) (cf. Santala, p. 105)
It is remarkable that such dramatic changes in the Temple service mysteriously occurred right around the time of Jesus' crucifixion!
NT Fulfillment:
The command to rebuild Jerusalem was decreed by king Artaxerxes in 445 BC (Neh 2:1-8). 69 "weeks" of 7 years later brings us to AD 32. In that year Jesus the Messiah was crucified ("cut off"). At the same time, the atoning sacrifices in the Temple lost their power, and shortly thereafter (70 AD) the Romans destroyed the city and the Temple.
==Ministry==
===The Messiah will minister in Galilee===
OT Prophecy:
OT Prophecy:
===The Messiah will be a prophet like Moses===
OT Prophecy:
OT Prophecy:
===The Messiah will perform miracles===
OT Prophecy:
OT Prophecy:
===The Messiah will be a shepherd to God's people===
OT Prophecy:
OT Prophecy:
===The Messiah will be a light to the Gentiles===
OT Prophecy:
OT Prophecy:
===The Messiah will enter Jerusalem riding on a donkey===
OT Prophecy:
OT Prophecy:
===Rejection===
===The Messiah will be a rejected cornerstone===
OT Prophecy:
OT Prophecy:
===The Messiah will be sold for 30 pieces of silver===
OT Prophecy:
OT Prophecy:
===The Messiah will be betrayed by a friend===
OT Prophecy:
OT Prophecy:
===The Messiah will be meek and humble===
OT Prophecy:
OT Prophecy:
===The Messiah will be beaten and spat upon===
OT Prophecy:
OT Prophecy:
Then they spit in His face and beat Him; and others struck Him with the palms of their hands. (Mt 26:67)
Then they spit in His face and beat Him; and others struck Him with the palms of their hands. (Mt 26:67)
==Death==
===The Messiah will be pierced===
OT Prophecy:
OT Prophecy:
===Men will cast lots for his clothes===
OT Prophecy:
OT Prophecy:
===The Messiah will be given vinegar and gall to drink===
OT Prophecy:
OT Prophecy:
===The Messiah will be sacrificed for our sins===
OT Prophecy:
OT Prophecy:
===Not one of his bones will be broken===
OT Prophecy:
OT Prophecy:
==Resurrection and Exaltation==
===The Messiah will rise from the dead===
OT Prophecy:
OT Prophecy:
===The Messiah will ascend into heaven===
OT Prophecy:
OT Prophecy:
===The Messiah will be seated at the right hand of God===
OT Prophecy:
OT Prophecy:
===The Messiah will be a priest like Melchizedek===
OT Prophecy:
OT Prophecy:
===The Messiah has two missions to carry out===
OT Prophecy:
OT Prophecy:
===All people will worship the Son of Man===
OT Prophecy:
OT Prophecy:
===The Messiah is called "Son of God"===
OT Prophecy:
OT Prophecy:
===The Messiah existed before the creation of the world===
OT Prophecy:
OT Prophecy:
===The Messiah is called "God"===
OT Prophecy:
OT Prophecy: