Changes

All adult Jehovah’s Witnesses refuse whole blood, packed red blood cells, white cells, platelets, and plasma.  There has been ongoing controversy, especially when they prohibit children from receiving life-saving transfusions, which has led many states and countries to override parents' authority in medical matters.  The legal procedure is to obtain a court order allowing doctors to transfuse children over their parents’ objections if withholding blood is likely to lead to death or disability. <ref> Susan E. Lederer, ''Flesh and Blood: Organ Transplantation and Blood Transfusion in Twentieth-Century America'' (2008), ch 7.</ref>  

All adult Jehovah’s Witnesses refuse whole blood, packed red blood cells, white cells, platelets, and plasma.  There has been ongoing controversy, especially when they prohibit children from receiving life-saving transfusions, which has led many states and countries to override parents' authority in medical matters.  The legal procedure is to obtain a court order allowing doctors to transfuse children over their parents’ objections if withholding blood is likely to lead to death or disability. <ref> Susan E. Lederer, ''Flesh and Blood: Organ Transplantation and Blood Transfusion in Twentieth-Century America'' (2008), ch 7.</ref>  

==Further reading==

==Further reading==

* Francis, Shawn.  ''Judging Jehovah's Witnesses: religious persecution and the dawn of the rights revolution'' (2000)

* Francis, Shawn.  ''Judging Jehovah's Witnesses: religious persecution and the dawn of the rights revolution'' (2000)

* Penton, M. James ''Jehovah's Witnesses and the Third Reich: Sectarian Politics under Persecution'' (2004), 412 pp.,  

* Penton, M. James ''Jehovah's Witnesses and the Third Reich: Sectarian Politics under Persecution'' (2004), 412 pp.,

 

== Links ==

== Links ==

Jehovah's Witnesses operate three official websites:

Jehovah's Witnesses operate three official websites: