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'''Jazz''' is an American style of music that reflects Americans' roots in Africa and Europe and which originated in [[New Orleans]] during the early years of the 20th century. The first jazz recording was made in 1917 by the Original Dixieland Jazz Band, who drew heavily on African-American influences, as well as the brass bands that were popular in the South at the time. It combines African American music, ragtime, and the blues.  Jazz is typified by complex collective musical [[improvisation]], syncopation, use of blue notes, and call and response.

'''Jazz''' is an American style of music that reflects Americans' roots in Africa and Europe. The style originated in [[New Orleans]] during the early years of the 20th century.It combines African-American music, ragtime, and the blues.  Jazz is typified by complex collective musical [[improvisation]], syncopation, use of blue notes, and call and response. The first jazz recording was made in 1917 by the Original Dixieland Jazz Band, who drew heavily on African-American influences, as well as the brass bands that were popular in the South at the time.  

==Early Jazz==

==Early Jazz==

==Swing==

==Swing==

The early 1930s were something of a lean time for jazz commercially, although fine recordings were being produced by [[Harlem]] bandleaders such as Ellington and [[Cab Calloway]]. By around 1935 the Swing style was being popularised by white bandleaders such as [[Benny Goodman]], (although black bandleaders such as [[Count Basie]], [[Jimmie Lunceford]] and [[Chick Webb]] had developed it) and by the end of the decade effectively became the sound of Western pop music.

The early 1930s were something of a lean time for jazz commercially, although fine recordings were being produced by [[Harlem]] bandleaders such as Ellington and [[Cab Calloway]]. By around 1935 the swing style was being popularised by white bandleaders such as [[Benny Goodman]], (although black bandleaders such as [[Count Basie]], [[Jimmie Lunceford]] and [[Chick Webb]] had developed it) and by the end of the decade effectively became the sound of Western pop music.

==Bebop==

==Bebop==

In reaction against the perceived commercialism of Swing, and its appropriation by white musicians, a group of young, dedicated musicians sought to create a style deliberately intended to alienate the casual listener. With its complex harmonies and irregular melodies, the Bebop style was treated with suspicion by older musicians.

In reaction against the perceived commercialism of swing, and its appropriation by white musicians, a group of young, dedicated musicians sought to create a style deliberately intended to alienate the casual listener. With its complex harmonies and irregular melodies, the bebop style was treated with suspicion by older musicians.

==After Bebop==

==After Bebop==

Various movements emerged in the 1950s.  

Various movements emerged in the 1950s.  

Hard Bop (epitomised by Horace Silver and [[Art Blakey]] brought a 'funky', bluesy feel to the music, in reaction to the complexities of Bebop.

Hard bop (epitomised by Horace Silver and [[Art Blakey]] brought a 'funky', bluesy feel to the music, in reaction to the complexities of bebop.

Soul jazz, led by artists such as organist Jimmy Smith, combined elements of bebop, R&B, and gospel to create a "soulful" jazz sound.  

Soul jazz, led by artists such as organist Jimmy Smith, combined elements of bebop, R&B, and gospel to create a "soulful" jazz sound.  

Modal Jazz (pioneered by theorist George Russell and trumpeter [[Miles Davis]]) was also a contrast to Bebop, but sought to give the soloists ample space for expression by eliminating frequent chord changes.

Modal Jazz (pioneered by theorist George Russell and trumpeter [[Miles Davis]]) was also a contrast to bebop, but sought to give the soloists ample space for expression by eliminating frequent chord changes.

==Fusion==

==Fusion==