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Line 4: − − == Irreducible Complexity == − Note from the above how the molecule is formed from two separate protein chains, each from different genes in the plant genome. Without the B chain, the A chain is useless as it only acts intracellularly and has no other method of being injected into the target cell. Without the A chain, the B chain is useless as invagination of the protein into the target cell with no associated payload serves no function, and so this mutation would have died out were evolution in effect. It is implausible that both genes (plus presumably a third gene encoding for a protein to link the two chains) evolved either separately or simultaneously and therefore the molecule is an excellent example of an irreducibly complex structure, requiring [[Intelligent Design]]. − − == See also == − − *[[Counterexamples to Evolution]] − *[[Irreducible Complexity]] − *[[Intelligent Design]]
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== Method of Action ==
== Method of Action ==
Ricin is made up of two polypeptide chains, A and B, linked by a disulfide bridge. The B chain attaches itself to a glycoprotein on the target cell and causes the molecule to be invaginated into the cell inside a vacuole. Once inside the cell the change in environment causes the disulfide bridge to break, and the B chain then forms a pore in the vacuole allowing the A chain to escape into the cell. The A chain then inhibits protein synthesis and eventually causes cell death<ref>"Introduction to Toxicology" 2nd edition - J.A.Timbrell</ref>.
Ricin is made up of two polypeptide chains, A and B, linked by a disulfide bridge. The B chain attaches itself to a glycoprotein on the target cell and causes the molecule to be invaginated into the cell inside a vacuole. Once inside the cell the change in environment causes the disulfide bridge to break, and the B chain then forms a pore in the vacuole allowing the A chain to escape into the cell. The A chain then inhibits protein synthesis and eventually causes cell death<ref>"Introduction to Toxicology" 2nd edition - J.A.Timbrell</ref>.
== References ==
== References ==
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