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| + | '''Apoptosis''' is programmed [[cell]] death, the body's normal method of disposing of damaged, unwanted, or unneeded cells. The usual characteristics that define a cell undergoing apoptosis is nuclear defragmentation by endogeneous nucleases, the production of apoptotic bodies and enhanced synthesis of cyclic AMP and reduced NAD in the rough [[endoplasmic reticulum]], in addition to augmented secretion of vacuoles (primarily of the aforementioned apoptotic bodies and glycoproteins). Mitchondria and chloroplasts, the chief sites of photosynthesis and aerobic respiration respectively, are secreted. |
| | + | Apoptosis and subsequent autolysis of cell organelles, such as the cytoskeleton, is the converse of necrosis. Necrosis is disorganised cell death, often excuted by uncontrolled autoimmune responses and terracinogenics. |