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Believers in the '''Apollo [[conspiracy theory]]''' allege that the Apollo moon landing missions never actually took place and that the lunar landings were filmed in a Hollywood studio. The "evidence" for this demonstrably false belief includes the allegation that the American flag placed on the Moon appears to wave in the windless lunar environment, the absence of stars stars appear in the lunar sky in photographs taken on the Moon (an effect of the speed of the film the astronauts used), and the allegation that shadows in the photographs run in different directions, rather than parallel, as if the sun were not the source of light. <ref>http://primeline-america.com/moon-ldg/</ref>

The '''Apollo [[conspiracy theory]]''' is the allegation that the Apollo moon landing missions never actually took place and that the lunar landings were filmed in a Hollywood studio.  

 

The "evidence" for this demonstrably false belief includes the allegation that the American flag placed on the Moon appears to wave in the windless lunar environment, the absence of stars stars appear in the lunar sky in photographs taken on the Moon (an effect of the speed of the film the astronauts used), and the allegation that shadows in the photographs run in different directions, rather than parallel, as if the sun were not the source of light. <ref>http://primeline-america.com/moon-ldg/</ref>

These claims are easily refuted: the flag was made stiff by rods inserted into it, and thus small vibrations, say from an astronauts hand, were amplified.  If the exposure of the camera had been set high enough to see stars, the lunar surface would have appeareed blindingly white in photographs.  And shadows can appear to fall in different directions on uneven ground.

These claims are easily refuted: the flag was made stiff by rods inserted into it, and thus small vibrations, say from an astronauts hand, were amplified.  If the exposure of the camera had been set high enough to see stars, the lunar surface would have appeareed blindingly white in photographs.  And shadows can appear to fall in different directions on uneven ground.

[[NASA]] denies this, pointing out that it can be conclusively demonstrated scientifically that the astronauts really went to the moon, for example, by bouncing light off mirrors placed by astronauts during their visits. <ref>[http://science.nasa.gov/headlines/y2001/ast23feb_2.htm , The Great Moon Hoax (NASA)]</ref>

[[NASA]] notes that it can be conclusively demonstrated scientifically that the astronauts really went to the moon.  One of many possible demonstrations uses ground lasers reflecting off mirrors placed by astronauts during their visits. <ref>[http://science.nasa.gov/headlines/y2001/ast23feb_2.htm , The Great Moon Hoax (NASA)]</ref>

==References==

==References==