Changes

Mussolini was a Marxist who took over the Italian Socialist Party at the Congress of Reggio Emilia in 1912, expelling his opponents and espousing doctrinaire Marxism, prompting Lenin to write, “the party of the Italian socialist proletariat has taken the right path.”<ref>V.I. Lenin, "[http://www.marx.org/archive/lenin/works/1912/jul/15b.htm The Italian Socialist Congress]," ''Pravda'', No. 66 (July 15, 1912), reprinted in ''V.I. Lenin Collected Works'', Volume 18 (Moscow: Progress Publishers, 1975), pp. 170-172</ref>

Mussolini was a Marxist who took over the Italian Socialist Party at the Congress of Reggio Emilia in 1912, expelling his opponents and espousing doctrinaire Marxism, prompting Lenin to write, “the party of the Italian socialist proletariat has taken the right path.”<ref>V.I. Lenin, "[http://www.marx.org/archive/lenin/works/1912/jul/15b.htm The Italian Socialist Congress]," ''Pravda'', No. 66 (July 15, 1912), reprinted in ''V.I. Lenin Collected Works'', Volume 18 (Moscow: Progress Publishers, 1975), pp. 170-172</ref>

In 1917, Lenin took over Russia, the following year imposing socialism (“War Communism”); it quickly and spectacularly failed, resulting in mass famine and economic collapse. In response to this failure, communists like [[Oskar Lange]] and Georges Sorel theorized about a “third way” between capitalism and socialism; Lange called his theory “market socialism”;<ref>Philip Hanson, “Is there a third way? Capitalism, socialism and the reform of the Soviet

In 1917, Lenin took over Russia, the following year imposing socialism (“War Communism”); it quickly and spectacularly failed, resulting in mass famine and economic collapse.<ref>[http://www.icrc.org/web/eng/siteeng0.nsf/html/5RFHJY Famine in Russia: the hidden horrors of 1921], International Committee of the Red Cross. Cf. "[http://www.icrc.org/web/fre/sitefre0.nsf/html/5QKJLH Secours en temps de paix – la famine en Russie]," ''Le Temps'', August 12, 2003</ref> In response to this failure, communists like [[Oskar Lange]] and Georges Sorel theorized about a “third way” between capitalism and socialism; Lange called his theory “market socialism”;<ref>Philip Hanson, “Is there a third way? Capitalism, socialism and the reform of the Soviet

economy,” in B. Dallego, H. Brzezinski and W. Andreff, eds. ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=elCNAAAAIAAJ Convergence and System Change: The Convergence Hypothesis in Light of Transition in Eastern Europe]'' (Dartmouth, 1991) ISBN 1855212188, pp. 149-169, 235 ''et seq''. Cf. Ulrich van Suntum, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=mJ4TfKL4wcAC The Invisible Hand: Economic Thought Yesterday and Today]'' (Springer, 2005) ISBN 3540204970, p. 204</ref> Sorel meanwhile adopted “syndicalism,” a type of guild socialism.

economy,” in B. Dallego, H. Brzezinski and W. Andreff, eds. ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=elCNAAAAIAAJ Convergence and System Change: The Convergence Hypothesis in Light of Transition in Eastern Europe]'' (Dartmouth, 1991) ISBN 1855212188, pp. 149-169, 235 ''et seq''. Cf. Ulrich van Suntum, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=mJ4TfKL4wcAC The Invisible Hand: Economic Thought Yesterday and Today]'' (Springer, 2005) ISBN 3540204970, p. 204</ref> Sorel meanwhile adopted “syndicalism,” a type of guild socialism.