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==Mannheim "Mannerisms"==

==Mannheim "Mannerisms"==

The orchestra's famed dynamic control took on two aspects which represented an advance over Baroque instrumental practices. First was the ability of the full orchestra to accompany a soloist without covering them, which requires that every member of the orchestra master playing with utmost softness without sacrificing clarity. In the Baroque period, composers avoided this difficulty by reducing the instrumentation of solo passages, but since the Mannheim orchestra members were all virtuosi, the composers who wrote for them were able to create new orchestral sounds by capitalizing on this new development. The second innovation was the famed "Mannheim crescendo," where the whole orchestra would transition from very soft to very loud within a very short time. In contrast, Baroque music's dynamics were mostly uniform, either ''piano'' or ''forte'', but without effects such as crescendo or diminuendo.

The orchestra's famed dynamic control took on two aspects which represented an advance over Baroque instrumental practices. First was the ability of the full orchestra to accompany a soloist without covering them, which requires that every member of the orchestra master playing with utmost softness without sacrificing clarity. In the Baroque period, composers avoided this difficulty by reducing the instrumentation of solo passages, but since the Mannheim orchestra members were all virtuosi, the composers who wrote for them were able to create new orchestral sounds by capitalizing on this new development. The second innovation was the famed "Mannheim crescendo," where the whole orchestra would transition from pianissimo to fortissimo within a very short time. In contrast, Baroque music's dynamics were mostly uniform, either ''piano'' or ''forte'', but without effects such as crescendo or diminuendo.

[[Image:MozartSymph40Mvt4Opening.png|thumb|400px|right|An example of a "Mannheim Rocket," in Mozart's Symphony No. 40 in G Minor, 4th Movement.]]

[[Image:MozartSymph40Mvt4Opening.png|thumb|400px|right|An example of a "Mannheim Rocket," in Mozart's Symphony No. 40 in G Minor, 4th Movement.]]

The other famous technique associated with Mannheim is the "Mannheim Steamroller,"<ref>This English term (which is a loose translation of the German ''Walze'', which simply means "roller") may seem anachronistic, as the steamroller had not been invented in the 18th century, but the names for many of these effects date from the early 20th century, and were given by the German musicologist Hugo Riemann.</ref> which combined this crescendo with [[tremolo]] effects in the strings and a rising [[scale]].<ref>http://www.music.vt.edu/musicdictionary/textm/Mannheim.html</ref> Other important techniques which would be utilized by classical composers are the "Mannheim Rocket," which is a quickly rising [[arpeggio]], and the "Mannheim Sigh," an effect created by a falling interval intended to depict an exhalation.

The other famous technique associated with Mannheim is the "Mannheim Steamroller,"<ref>This English term (which is a loose translation of the German ''Walze'', which simply means "roller") may seem anachronistic, as the steamroller had not been invented in the 18th century, but the names for many of these effects date from the early 20th century, and were given by the German musicologist Hugo Riemann.</ref> which combined this crescendo with [[tremolo]] effects in the strings and a rising [[scale]].<ref>http://www.music.vt.edu/musicdictionary/textm/Mannheim.html</ref> Other important techniques which would be utilized by classical composers are the "Mannheim Rocket," which is a quickly rising [[arpeggio]], and the "Mannheim Sigh," an effect created by a falling interval intended to depict an exhalation.

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