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===First United Front===
===First United Front===
In 1922 [[Chinese Nationalist]] leader [[Sun Yat-sen]] Chinese met with Soviet [[Comintern]] agent Adolf A. Joffe in Shanghai. Joffe had been sent by [[V.I. Lenin]] to seek possible allies for Soviet policy. They reached an understanding in 1923 whereby Sun Yat-sen received Soviet support for a [[First United Front|United Front]] between his nationalist Kuomintang of China party (KMT) and the Communist Pary of China (CCP). However, Sun did not endorse Communism. Soviet agent Mikhail Borodin helped reorganize the KMT on the lines of "[[democratic centralism]]" familiar in Communist parties, with leadership securely in the hands of a small group. Fighting forces were equipped and trained, and Chinese Communists—who were encouraged to joined the Kuomintang as part of the United Front agreement—did their part in [[propaganda]] and organization to prepare for the military drive by KMT's army leader [[Chiang Kai-shek]] that was to make a [[Northern Expedition]] drive out the warlords.
In 1922 [[Chinese Nationalist]] leader [[Sun Yat-sen]] Chinese met with Soviet [[Comintern]] agent Adolf A. Joffe in Shanghai. Joffe had been sent by [[V.I. Lenin]] to seek possible allies for Soviet policy. They reached an understanding in 1923 whereby Sun Yat-sen received Soviet support for a [[First United Front|United Front]] between his nationalist Kuomintang of China party (KMT) and the Communist Pary of China (CCP). However, Sun did not endorse Communism. Soviet agent Mikhail Borodin helped reorganize the KMT on the lines of "[[democratic centralism]]" familiar in Communist parties, with leadership securely in the hands of a small group. Fighting forces were equipped and trained, and Chinese Communists—who were encouraged to joined the Kuomintang as part of the United Front agreement—did their part in [[propaganda]] and organization to prepare for the military drive by KMT's army leader [[Chiang Kai-shek]] that was to make a [[Northern Expedition]] drive out the warlords.
As commandant of the Whampoa Military Academy, Chiang had to work closely with Soviet advisors and CCP officials as a result of the Sun-Joffe Agreement. Communist leader [[Chou En-lai]] was a senior political commissar at the academy. However, Chiang was very suspicious of his Communist allies. Following the death of Sun Yat-sen in 1925, Chiang became the most powerful individual KMT leader, and on March 11 1926 launched a limited purge of communists in Canton (the "Canton Coup"), as a result of which all his Soviet advisors were expelled from China. However, he did not dissolve the united front, and the CCP, under orders from Moscow, also continued to maintain the status quo.
===Second United Front===
===Second United Front===