Changes

In the early 20th century, the [[Progressive Movement]], especially in western states,  sought more direct democracy by promoting the recall, along with the initiative (the people petition to put a new law on the ballot), referendum (people vote on major laws proposed by the lefislature), direct election of senators (election was by the state legislature), and woman suffrage. When the territory of Arizona in 1911 submitted its new constitution to Washington in order to become a state, conservative President [[William Howard Taft]] insisted on removing the recall provision because it would allow recall of state judges. The recall was removed, Taft signed the statehood bill on February 14, 1912, and state residents promptly put the provision back in.<ref> Cindy Hayostek, "Douglas Delegates to the 1910 Constitutional Convention and Arizona's Progressive Heritage," ''Journal of Arizona History'' 2006 47(4): 347-366</ref>  

In the early 20th century, the [[Progressive Movement]], especially in western states,  sought more direct democracy by promoting the recall, along with the initiative (the people petition to put a new law on the ballot), referendum (people vote on major laws proposed by the lefislature), direct election of senators (election was by the state legislature), and woman suffrage. When the territory of Arizona in 1911 submitted its new constitution to Washington in order to become a state, conservative President [[William Howard Taft]] insisted on removing the recall provision because it would allow recall of state judges. The recall was removed, Taft signed the statehood bill on February 14, 1912, and state residents promptly put the provision back in.<ref> Cindy Hayostek, "Douglas Delegates to the 1910 Constitutional Convention and Arizona's Progressive Heritage," ''Journal of Arizona History'' 2006 47(4): 347-366</ref>  

===California===

===California===

A recall has been part of California's political system since 1911.  

A recall has been part of the California Constitution since 1911.<ref>http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/.const/.article_2</ref>

In September 1938, Los Angeles Mayor Frank L. Shaw was removed from office in a recall election after serving 14 years. This results was the major victory of a multi-interest urban reform movement that successfully portrayed Shaw as the despot of a corrupt political machine financed by big business and underworld interests. With the aid of a police scandal and the wealth of one recall leader, the reform candidate won a landslide victory. After the election, the reform coalition disintegrated when the various single-issue groups found that they were not the dominant influence in the new city administration.<ref> Thomas Joseph Sitton, ''Urban Politics and Reform in New Deal Los Angeles: the Recall of Mayor Frank L. Shaw,'' Ph.d. Dissertation , University of California, Riverside, in Proquest Dissertations & Theses: A&I</ref>

In September 1938, Los Angeles Mayor Frank L. Shaw was removed from office in a recall election after serving 14 years. This results was the major victory of a multi-interest urban reform movement that successfully portrayed Shaw as the despot of a corrupt political machine financed by big business and underworld interests. With the aid of a police scandal and the wealth of one recall leader, the reform candidate won a landslide victory. After the election, the reform coalition disintegrated when the various single-issue groups found that they were not the dominant influence in the new city administration.<ref> Thomas Joseph Sitton, ''Urban Politics and Reform in New Deal Los Angeles: the Recall of Mayor Frank L. Shaw,'' Ph.d. Dissertation , University of California, Riverside, in Proquest Dissertations & Theses: A&I</ref>

===Oklahoma===

===Oklahoma===