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'''Alger Hiss''' (November 11, 1904 &ndash; November 15, 1996) was a high-ranking<ref>"Alger Hiss, a former [http://www.archives.gov/press/press-releases/2000/nr00-02.html high-ranking State Department official]"; and "[[#refBogdanor08|one of America's leading diplomats]]..."</ref> [[U.S. State Department]] official and Secretary-General<ref>"The Secretary-General of the Conference was Alger Hiss... Secretary-General: Alger Hiss" [[#refUN46|UN 1946-47]]: 14, 48 (PDF 15, 49)</ref> of the founding conference of the [[United Nations]]. Hiss was [[conviction|convicted]] of [[perjury]] in 1950, after denying involvement in [[USSR|Soviet]] [[espionage]]. For decades, a great number of Americans saw Hiss, a [[liberal]]<ref>Hiss referred to "liberals like myself," writing that he had acquired a "liberal outlook" as a student, which was "strengthened and given focus at the Harvard Law School"; his work for Justice Holmes "increased my liberal convictions"; etc. Alger Hiss, [http://homepages.nyu.edu/~th15/liberalism.html Draft of a Chapter on the Foundations of His Liberalism], Small Manuscript Collection, Special Collections, Harvard Law School Library</ref> [[Democratic Party|Democrat]],<ref>"[http://encyclopedia.farlex.com/Alger+Hiss Alger Hiss]," ''Hutchinson Encyclopedia''. Hiss had "[[#refBogdanor08|strong ties to the Democratic Party]]&mdash;not just [[Franklin Roosevelt|Roosevelt]], but others in it."</ref> as an [http://www.oup.com/us/catalog/general/subject/HistoryAmerican/Since1945/?view=usa&ci=9780195182552 innocent victim of McCarthyism].<ref>Some have depicted Hiss as the victim of an [http://www.trutv.com/library/crime/terrorists_spies/spies/hiss/11.html elaborate frame-up], railroaded by [http://homepages.nyu.edu/~th15/history.html the demagoguery] of [[Richard Nixon]] and the [[House Committee on Un-American Activities]].</ref>

'''Alger Hiss''' (November 11, 1904 &ndash; November 15, 1996) was a high-ranking<ref>"Alger Hiss, a former [http://www.archives.gov/press/press-releases/2000/nr00-02.html high-ranking State Department official]"; and "[[#refBogdanor08|one of America's leading diplomats]]..."</ref> [[U.S. State Department]] official and Secretary-General<ref>"The Secretary-General of the Conference was Alger Hiss... Secretary-General: Alger Hiss" [[#refUN46|UN 1946-47]]: 14, 48 (PDF 15, 49)</ref> of the founding conference of the [[United Nations]]. Hiss was [[conviction|convicted]] of [[perjury]] in 1950, after denying involvement in [[USSR|Soviet]] [[espionage]]. For decades, a great number of Americans saw Hiss, a [[liberal]]<ref>Hiss referred to "liberals like myself," writing that he had acquired a "liberal outlook" as a student, which was "strengthened and given focus at the Harvard Law School"; his work for Justice Holmes "increased my liberal convictions"; etc. Alger Hiss, [http://homepages.nyu.edu/~th15/liberalism.html Draft of a Chapter on the Foundations of His Liberalism], Small Manuscript Collection, Special Collections, Harvard Law School Library</ref> [[Democratic Party|Democrat]],<ref>"[http://encyclopedia.farlex.com/Alger+Hiss Alger Hiss]," ''Hutchinson Encyclopedia''. Hiss had "[[#refBogdanor08|strong ties to the Democratic Party]]&mdash;not just [[Franklin Roosevelt|Roosevelt]], but others in it."</ref> as an [http://www.oup.com/us/catalog/general/subject/HistoryAmerican/Since1945/?view=usa&ci=9780195182552 innocent victim of McCarthyism].<ref>Some have depicted Hiss as the victim of an [http://www.trutv.com/library/crime/terrorists_spies/spies/hiss/11.html elaborate frame-up], railroaded by [http://homepages.nyu.edu/~th15/history.html the demagoguery] of [[Richard Nixon]] and the [[House Committee on Un-American Activities]].</ref>

"Hiss was indeed a [[USSR|Soviet]] agent and appears to have been regarded by [[Moscow]] as its most important," wrote [[Senator]] [[Daniel Patrick Moynihan]] ([[Democratic Party|D.]]-[[New York|N.Y.]]), who was instrumental in the declassification of [[Venona project|Venona]] decrypts and [[FBI]] files on the case,<ref>“Moynihan asked that [https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csi-publications/books-and-monographs/directors-and-deputy-directors-of-central-intelligence/deutch.html Deutch] discuss with the [[NSA]] what the status of [[Venona project|Venona]] was and whether its secrecy might no longer be necessary… [O]n July 11, 1995… the heads of the [[CIA]], [[FBI]], and NSA, along with Senator Moynihan, jointly announced that Venona was being opened…” [[#refHK99|Haynes, Klehr 1999]]: 5-6</ref> which had been classified for half a century. "Parts of the [[United States government|American government]] had [[conclusion|conclusive]] [[evidence]] of his guilt," concluded the liberal Democrat<ref>"...Daniel Patrick Moynihan, a [http://www.nytimes.com/1997/02/23/weekinreview/the-rehabilitation-of-morning-in-america.html liberal Democrat]..."</ref> in 1998, "but they never told."<ref>[[#refMoynihan98|Moynihan 1998]]: 146</ref>

"Hiss was indeed a [[USSR|Soviet]] agent and appears to have been regarded by [[Moscow]] as its most important," wrote [[Senator]] [[Daniel Patrick Moynihan]] ([[Democratic Party|D.]]-[[New York|N.Y.]]), who was instrumental in the declassification of [[Venona project|Venona]] decrypts and [[FBI]] files on the case,<ref>“Moynihan asked that [https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csi-publications/books-and-monographs/directors-and-deputy-directors-of-central-intelligence/deutch.html Deutch] discuss with the [[NSA]] what the status of [[Venona project|Venona]] was and whether its secrecy might no longer be necessary… [O]n July 11, 1995… the heads of the [[CIA]], [[FBI]], and NSA, along with Senator Moynihan, jointly announced that Venona was being opened…” [[#refHK99|Haynes, Klehr 1999]]: 5-6</ref> which had been classified for half a century. "Parts of the [[United States government|American government]] had [[conclusion|conclusive]] [[evidence]] of his guilt," concluded the liberal Democrat<ref>"...Daniel Patrick Moynihan, a [http://www.nytimes.com/1997/02/23/weekinreview/the-rehabilitation-of-morning-in-america.html liberal Democrat]..."</ref> in 1998, "but they never told."<ref>[[#refMoynihan98|Moynihan 1998]]: 146</ref> The [[Legacy of Alger Hiss|overwhelming consensus]] among historians agrees with Moynihan's assessment.

==Early life==

==Early life==