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While Lenin's “New Economic Policy” (1921-28) followed Lange, Mussolini's Fascism followed Sorel;<ref>David D. Roberts, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=-gsNAQAAIAAJ The Syndicalist Tradition and Italian Fascism]'' (Manchester University Press, 1979) ISBN 0719007615, p. 316</ref> National Socialism, emerging from the shattered remains of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, promised yet another a “third way” between capitalism and communism,<ref>Artur Moeller van den Bruck's book ''The Third Reich'' (1923) was originally entitled ''The Third Way.'' (George Lachmann Mosse, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=6oiD85C9HzUC Masses and Man: Nationalist and Fascist Perceptions of Reality]'' [Wayne State University Press, 1987] ISBN 0814318959, pp. 84, 166) On Fascism as “third way,” see Zeev Sternhell, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=ccgIu6oYkREC Neither Right nor Left: Fascist Ideology in France]'' (Princeton University Press, 1996) ISBN 0691006296, p. 94, and Roger Eatwell, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=x3U6AAAAMAAJ Fascism: A History]'', (London: Allen Lane, 1996), ISBN 071399147X, p. 11.</ref> uniting proletarian and bourgeois to fight for the state and race.<ref>"It was the union of the anticapitalist forces of the Right and of the Left, the fusion of radical and conservative socialism, which drove out from Germany everything that was liberal." Friedrich August Hayek, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=qg61T_I1mwsC The Road to Serfdom]'' (University of Chicago Press, 2007) ISBN 0226320553, p. 182. By "liberal," Hayek refers to classical liberalism or libertarianism, including free-market economics.</ref> It was in this atmosphere that the New Deal took shape. According to Amity Schlaes, author of ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=7fZ6AAAACAAJ The Forgotten Man]'', "Both Stalin's Russia and Mussolini's Italy influenced the New Deal enormously."<ref>Amity Shlaes, "[http://www.aei.org/article/26390 The Real Deal]," ''The Wall Street Journal'', June 25, 2007</ref>

While Lenin's “New Economic Policy” (1921-28) followed Lange, Mussolini's Fascism followed Sorel;<ref>David D. Roberts, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=-gsNAQAAIAAJ The Syndicalist Tradition and Italian Fascism]'' (Manchester University Press, 1979) ISBN 0719007615, p. 316</ref> National Socialism, emerging from the shattered remains of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, promised yet another a “third way” between capitalism and communism,<ref>Artur Moeller van den Bruck's book ''The Third Reich'' (1923) was originally entitled ''The Third Way.'' (George Lachmann Mosse, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=6oiD85C9HzUC Masses and Man: Nationalist and Fascist Perceptions of Reality]'' [Wayne State University Press, 1987] ISBN 0814318959, pp. 84, 166) On Fascism as “third way,” see Zeev Sternhell, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=ccgIu6oYkREC Neither Right nor Left: Fascist Ideology in France]'' (Princeton University Press, 1996) ISBN 0691006296, p. 94, and Roger Eatwell, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=x3U6AAAAMAAJ Fascism: A History]'', (London: Allen Lane, 1996), ISBN 071399147X, p. 11.</ref> uniting proletarian and bourgeois to fight for the state and race.<ref>"It was the union of the anticapitalist forces of the Right and of the Left, the fusion of radical and conservative socialism, which drove out from Germany everything that was liberal." Friedrich August Hayek, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=qg61T_I1mwsC The Road to Serfdom]'' (University of Chicago Press, 2007) ISBN 0226320553, p. 182. By "liberal," Hayek refers to classical liberalism or libertarianism, including free-market economics.</ref> It was in this atmosphere that the New Deal took shape. According to Amity Schlaes, author of ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=7fZ6AAAACAAJ The Forgotten Man]'', "Both Stalin's Russia and Mussolini's Italy influenced the New Deal enormously."<ref>Amity Shlaes, "[http://www.aei.org/article/26390 The Real Deal]," ''The Wall Street Journal'', June 25, 2007</ref>

"[T]he New Deal was often compared with Fascism," according to cultural historian Wolfgang Schivelbusch. "Italy had several years earlier begun the transition from a liberal free-market system to a state-run or corporatist one."<ref>Wolfgang Schivelbusch, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=Z3GV5_n1h04C Three New Deals: Reflections on Roosevelt's America, Mussolini's Italy, and Hitler's Germany, 1933-1939]'' (Macmillan, 2006) ISBN 080507452X, p. 22</ref> “The slogan into which the Nazis condensed their economic philosophy, ''Gemeinnutz geht vor Eigennutz'' (i.e., the commonweal ranks above private profit) is likewise the idea underlying the American New Deal,” wrote Ludwig von Mises.<ref>Ludwig von Mises, ''[http://mises.org/books/socialism.pdf Socialism: An Economic and Sociological Analysis]'' (Yale University Press, 1951), pp. 578-579</ref>

"[T]he New Deal was often compared with Fascism," according to cultural historian Wolfgang Schivelbusch. "Italy had several years earlier begun the transition from a liberal free-market system to a state-run or corporatist one."<ref>Wolfgang Schivelbusch, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=Z3GV5_n1h04C Three New Deals: Reflections on Roosevelt's America, Mussolini's Italy, and Hitler's Germany, 1933-1939]'' (Macmillan, 2006) ISBN 080507452X, p. 22</ref> “The slogan into which the Nazis condensed their economic philosophy, ''Gemeinnutz geht vor Eigennutz'' (i.e., the commonweal ranks above private profit) is likewise the idea underlying the American New Deal,” wrote Ludwig von Mises.<ref>Ludwig von Mises, ''[http://mises.org/books/socialism.pdf Socialism: An Economic and Sociological Analysis]'' (Yale University Press, 1951), pp. 578-579</ref>