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→Early life
==Early life==
==Early life==
Marx was born May 5, 1818, in the Rhineland city of Trier,<ref>Lewis A. Coser, "[Masters of Sociological Thought: Ideas in Historical and Social Context] (Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1977) ISBN 0155551302, p. 58</ref> then in the Kingdom of Prussia<ref>Philip J. Adler and Randall L. Pouwels, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=9EdN82Am9A4C World Civilizations: Since 1500]'' (Florence, KY: Cengage Learning, 2007) ISBN 0495502626, p. 459</ref> (now in the Federal Republic of Germany).<ref>[http://www.london.diplo.de/Vertretung/london/en/05/Art/Roman__Culture/Roman__Culture__Seite.html Roman Culture in Germany], Embassy of the Federal Republic of Germany, London</ref> He was the son of Herschel Mordechai<ref>Cornel West with David Ritz, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=z2KfA2EYnAsC Brother West: Living and Loving Out Loud] (Carlsbad, CA: Hay House, Inc., 2009), ISBN 1401921892, p. 110</ref> and Henriette Pressborck,<ref>Richard P. Appelbaum, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=2KfrAAAAMAAJ Karl Marx]'' (London: Sage Publications, 1988) ISBN 0803925794, p. 21</ref> both the children of rabbis descended from famous Talmudic scholars and sages.<ref>Paul Johnson, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=MAuzkb28pKQC Intellectuals]''(HarperCollins, 1990) ISBN 0060916575, p. 53</ref>
Marx was born May 5, 1818, in the Rhineland city of Trier,<ref>Lewis A. Coser, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=Kn_ZAAAAMAAJ Masters of Sociological Thought: Ideas in Historical and Social Context]'' (Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1977) ISBN 0155551302, p. 58</ref> then in the Kingdom of Prussia<ref>Philip J. Adler and Randall L. Pouwels, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=9EdN82Am9A4C World Civilizations: Since 1500]'' (Florence, KY: Cengage Learning, 2007) ISBN 0495502626, p. 459</ref> (now in the Federal Republic of Germany).<ref>[http://www.london.diplo.de/Vertretung/london/en/05/Art/Roman__Culture/Roman__Culture__Seite.html Roman Culture in Germany], Embassy of the Federal Republic of Germany, London</ref> He was the son of Herschel Mordechai<ref>Cornel West with David Ritz, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=z2KfA2EYnAsC Brother West: Living and Loving Out Loud] (Carlsbad, CA: Hay House, Inc., 2009), ISBN 1401921892, p. 110</ref> and Henriette Pressborck,<ref>Richard P. Appelbaum, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=2KfrAAAAMAAJ Karl Marx]'' (London: Sage Publications, 1988) ISBN 0803925794, p. 21</ref> both the children of rabbis descended from famous Talmudic scholars and sages.<ref>Paul Johnson, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=MAuzkb28pKQC Intellectuals]''(HarperCollins, 1990) ISBN 0060916575, p. 53</ref>
Marx's father was a successful lawyer<ref>Hyam Maccoby, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=h6Wo5CIgk84C Antisemitism and Modernity: Innovation and Continuity]'' (Abingdon: Routledge, 2006) ISBN 041531173X, p. 64</ref> and owner of several Moselle vineyards.<ref>Francis Wheen, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=3KOyuSakn80C Karl Marx: A Life]'' (W.W. Norton & Company, 2001) ISBN 0393321576, p. 10</ref> Philosophically, he was a liberal<ref>John Spargo , ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=oM0WAAAAYAAJ Karl Marx: His Life and Work]'' (B. W. Huebsch, 1912), p. 18</ref> who “knew his Voltaire and Rousseau by heart.”<ref>Wilhelm Liebknecht (Trans. Ernest Untermann), ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=kEYv3uqzDvsC Karl Marx: Biographical Memoirs]'' (Chicago: C. H. Kerr & company, 1901), p. 163</ref> After a Prussian edict of 1812 effectively banned Jews from public office and the professions, he converted in 1816<ref>Hyam Maccoby, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=h6Wo5CIgk84C Antisemitism and Modernity: Innovation and Continuity]'' (Abingdon: Routledge, 2006) ISBN 041531173X, p. 64</ref> to the Lutheran Church<ref>Francis Wheen, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=3KOyuSakn80C Karl Marx: A Life]'' (W.W. Norton & Company, 2001) ISBN 0393321576, p. 10</ref> (the “established” or state church of Prussia)<ref>John Henry Kurtz, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=m26sAI63HSkC History of the Christian Church from the Reformation to the Present, Volume 3]'' (Edinburgh: Clark, 1863) ISBN 1417991631, p. 310</ref> and changed his name to Heinrich Marx.<ref>Philip C. Starr and Drew Barden, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=7RHrBCMd0UUC Economics: Principles in Action]'' (Encino, CA: Dickenson Pub. Co., 1975) ISBN 082210136X, p. 425</ref> In 1824, he had his seven children, including six-year-old Karl, baptized.<ref>Werner Blumenberg, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=eMkjlNv4neUC Karl Marx: An Illustrated Biography]'' (Verso, 2000) ISBN 1859842542, p. 10</ref>
Marx's father was a successful lawyer<ref>Hyam Maccoby, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=h6Wo5CIgk84C Antisemitism and Modernity: Innovation and Continuity]'' (Abingdon: Routledge, 2006) ISBN 041531173X, p. 64</ref> and owner of several Moselle vineyards.<ref>Francis Wheen, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=3KOyuSakn80C Karl Marx: A Life]'' (W.W. Norton & Company, 2001) ISBN 0393321576, p. 10</ref> Philosophically, he was a liberal<ref>John Spargo , ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=oM0WAAAAYAAJ Karl Marx: His Life and Work]'' (B. W. Huebsch, 1912), p. 18</ref> who “knew his Voltaire and Rousseau by heart.”<ref>Wilhelm Liebknecht (Trans. Ernest Untermann), ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=kEYv3uqzDvsC Karl Marx: Biographical Memoirs]'' (Chicago: C. H. Kerr & company, 1901), p. 163</ref> After a Prussian edict of 1812 effectively banned Jews from public office and the professions, he converted in 1816<ref>Hyam Maccoby, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=h6Wo5CIgk84C Antisemitism and Modernity: Innovation and Continuity]'' (Abingdon: Routledge, 2006) ISBN 041531173X, p. 64</ref> to the Lutheran Church<ref>Francis Wheen, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=3KOyuSakn80C Karl Marx: A Life]'' (W.W. Norton & Company, 2001) ISBN 0393321576, p. 10</ref> (the “established” or state church of Prussia)<ref>John Henry Kurtz, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=m26sAI63HSkC History of the Christian Church from the Reformation to the Present, Volume 3]'' (Edinburgh: Clark, 1863) ISBN 1417991631, p. 310</ref> and changed his name to Heinrich Marx.<ref>Philip C. Starr and Drew Barden, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=7RHrBCMd0UUC Economics: Principles in Action]'' (Encino, CA: Dickenson Pub. Co., 1975) ISBN 082210136X, p. 425</ref> In 1824, he had his seven children, including six-year-old Karl, baptized.<ref>Werner Blumenberg, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=eMkjlNv4neUC Karl Marx: An Illustrated Biography]'' (Verso, 2000) ISBN 1859842542, p. 10</ref>