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Marx was born "Carl Marx" in the Rhineland city of Trier, then in the Kingdom of Prussia (now in the Federal Republic of Germany),<ref>[http://www.london.diplo.de/Vertretung/london/en/05/Art/Roman__Culture/Roman__Culture__Seite.html Roman Culture in Germany], Embassy of the Federal Republic of Germany, London</ref> the son of Heinrich Marx and Henriette Pressborck,<ref></ref> both the children of rabbis descended from famous Talmudic scholars and sages.<ref>Paul Johnson, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=MAuzkb28pKQC Intellectuals]''(HarperCollins, 1990) ISBN 0060916575, p. 53</ref>

Marx was born "Carl Marx" in the Rhineland city of Trier, then in the Kingdom of Prussia (now in the Federal Republic of Germany),<ref>[http://www.london.diplo.de/Vertretung/london/en/05/Art/Roman__Culture/Roman__Culture__Seite.html Roman Culture in Germany], Embassy of the Federal Republic of Germany, London</ref> the son of Heinrich Marx and Henriette Pressborck,<ref></ref> both the children of rabbis descended from famous Talmudic scholars and sages.<ref>Paul Johnson, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=MAuzkb28pKQC Intellectuals]''(HarperCollins, 1990) ISBN 0060916575, p. 53</ref>

Marx's father was a successful lawyer<ref>Hyam Maccoby, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=h6Wo5CIgk84C Antisemitism and Modernity: Innovation and Continuity]'' (Abingdon: Routledge, 2006) ISBN 041531173X, p. 64</ref> and owner of several Moselle vineyards.<ref>Francis Wheen, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=3KOyuSakn80C Karl Marx: A Life]'' (W.W. Norton & Company, 2001) ISBN 0393321576, p. 10</ref> Philosophically, he was a liberal<ref>John Spargo , ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=oM0WAAAAYAAJ Karl Marx: His Life and Work]'' (B. W. Huebsch, 1912), p. 18</ref> who “knew his Voltaire and Rousseau by heart.”<ref>Wilhelm Liebknecht (Trans. Ernest Untermann), ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=kEYv3uqzDvsC Karl Marx: Biographical Memoirs]'' (Chicago: C. H. Kerr & company, 1901), p. 163</ref> After the Prussian Edict of 1812 had effectively banned Jews from public office and the professions,<ref>Michael A. Meyer, ed., ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=cm7wbAEGr2AC German-Jewish History in Modern Times: Vol. 2, Emancipation and acculturation, 1780-1871]'' (Columbia University Press, 1997) ISBN 0231074743, pp. 24-27</ref> he converted in 1816<ref>Hyam Maccoby, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=h6Wo5CIgk84C Antisemitism and Modernity: Innovation and Continuity]'' (Abingdon: Routledge, 2006) ISBN 041531173X, p. 64</ref> to the Evangelical Church<ref>[http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/letters/misc/1818-bc.htm Birth Certificate of Karl Marx], Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, ''Collected Works'', Vol. 1 (Moscow: Progress Publishers, 1975), p. 635</ref> (the “established” or state church of Prussia)<ref>John Henry Kurtz, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=m26sAI63HSkC History of the Christian Church from the Reformation to the Present, Volume 3]'' (Edinburgh: Clark, 1863) ISBN 1417991631, p. 310</ref> and changing his name from Hershel Mordechai to Heinrich Marx.<ref>Philip C. Starr and Drew Barden, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=7RHrBCMd0UUC Economics: Principles in Action]'' (Encino, CA: Dickenson Pub. Co., 1975) ISBN 082210136X, p. 425</ref> In 1824, he had his seven children, including six-year-old Karl, baptized.<ref>Werner Blumenberg, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=eMkjlNv4neUC Karl Marx: An Illustrated Biography]'' (Verso, 2000) ISBN 1859842542, p. 10</ref>

 

Marx's father was a successful lawyer<ref>Hyam Maccoby, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=h6Wo5CIgk84C Antisemitism and Modernity: Innovation and Continuity]'' (Abingdon: Routledge, 2006) ISBN 041531173X, p. 64</ref> and owner of several Moselle vineyards.<ref>Francis Wheen, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=3KOyuSakn80C Karl Marx: A Life]'' (W.W. Norton & Company, 2001) ISBN 0393321576, p. 10</ref> Philosophically, he was a liberal<ref>John Spargo , ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=oM0WAAAAYAAJ Karl Marx: His Life and Work]'' (B. W. Huebsch, 1912), p. 18</ref> who “knew his Voltaire and Rousseau by heart.”<ref>Wilhelm Liebknecht (Trans. Ernest Untermann), ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=kEYv3uqzDvsC Karl Marx: Biographical Memoirs]'' (Chicago: C. H. Kerr & company, 1901), p. 163</ref> After the Prussian Edict of 1812 had effectively banned Jews from public office and the professions,<ref>Michael A. Meyer, ed., ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=cm7wbAEGr2AC German-Jewish History in Modern Times: Vol. 2, Emancipation and acculturation, 1780-1871]'' (Columbia University Press, 1997) ISBN 0231074743, pp. 24-27</ref> he converted in 1816<ref>Hyam Maccoby, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=h6Wo5CIgk84C Antisemitism and Modernity: Innovation and Continuity]'' (Abingdon: Routledge, 2006) ISBN 041531173X, p. 64</ref> to the Lutheran Church<ref>Francis Wheen, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=3KOyuSakn80C Karl Marx: A Life]'' (W.W. Norton & Company, 2001) ISBN 0393321576, p. 10</ref> (the “established” or state church of Prussia)<ref>John Henry Kurtz, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=m26sAI63HSkC History of the Christian Church from the Reformation to the Present, Volume 3]'' (Edinburgh: Clark, 1863) ISBN 1417991631, p. 310</ref> and changing his name from Hershel Mordechai to Heinrich Marx.<ref>Philip C. Starr and Drew Barden, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=7RHrBCMd0UUC Economics: Principles in Action]'' (Encino, CA: Dickenson Pub. Co., 1975) ISBN 082210136X, p. 425</ref> In 1824, he had his seven children, including six-year-old Karl, baptized.<ref>Werner Blumenberg, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=eMkjlNv4neUC Karl Marx: An Illustrated Biography]'' (Verso, 2000) ISBN 1859842542, p. 10</ref>

==Marx the Christian==

==Marx the Christian==