Changes

In 1936, MacLeish submitted two articles to the [[Communist Party]] organ ''New Masses,'' whose editor was [[Whittaker Chambers]].<ref>MacLeish  “would not have written for that party publication at all unless he shared some of the goals of American communism.” Hilton Kramer, ''[http://books.google.com/books?ei=IuThSpqVFIq6yQSZ89j3Cw&id=yPZ3AAAAMAAJ The Twilight of the Intellectuals: Culture and Politics in the Era of the Cold War]'' (Chicago: I.R. Dee, 2000) ISBN 1566632226, p. 262</ref> The next year, he chaired the first open meeting of the Second Congress of the [[League of American Writers]] (LAW),<ref>”[http://www.time.com/time/printout/0,8816,758006,00.html Books: Creators' Congress]," ''Time'', June 21, 1937</ref> where he introduced Communist Party General Secretary [[Earl Browder]].<ref>Ellen McClay, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=SwD5_1nAcbcC In the Presence of Our Enemies]'' (Bloomington, In.: AuthorHouse, 2006) ISBN 1420894226, p. 251</ref> The LAW was a [[Communist front]], “founded under [[Communist]] auspices in 1935,” according to a 1942 report by [[President]] [[Franklin Roosevelt]]'s [[Attorney General]] Francis Biddle.<ref>During the [[Nazi-Soviet pact]], said Biddle, the League “began openly to follow the Communist Party line as dictated by the foreign policy of the Soviet Union.” The League's sudden pacifism during the pact, and equally sudden reversion to pro-war militancy upon its breakdown, observed Biddle, left “little doubt of its Communist control.” {{cite journal |year=September 2, 1942 |journal=Congressional Record |publisher=United States Government Printing Office |pages=7685-7686}} cited in {{cite book |title=Third Report: Un-American Activities in California |last=Joint Fact-Finding Committee |first=California Legislature |year=1947 |publisher=California Senate |location=Sacramento |pages=67-69 (PDF pp. 77-79) |url=http://ia331311.us.archive.org/3/items/jointfactunamer00calirich/jointfactunamer00calirich.pdf |accessdate=2010-07-26}}</ref>

In 1936, MacLeish submitted two articles to the [[Communist Party]] organ ''New Masses,'' whose editor was [[Whittaker Chambers]].<ref>MacLeish  “would not have written for that party publication at all unless he shared some of the goals of American communism.” Hilton Kramer, ''[http://books.google.com/books?ei=IuThSpqVFIq6yQSZ89j3Cw&id=yPZ3AAAAMAAJ The Twilight of the Intellectuals: Culture and Politics in the Era of the Cold War]'' (Chicago: I.R. Dee, 2000) ISBN 1566632226, p. 262</ref> The next year, he chaired the first open meeting of the Second Congress of the [[League of American Writers]] (LAW),<ref>”[http://www.time.com/time/printout/0,8816,758006,00.html Books: Creators' Congress]," ''Time'', June 21, 1937</ref> where he introduced Communist Party General Secretary [[Earl Browder]].<ref>Ellen McClay, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=SwD5_1nAcbcC In the Presence of Our Enemies]'' (Bloomington, In.: AuthorHouse, 2006) ISBN 1420894226, p. 251</ref> The LAW was a [[Communist front]], “founded under [[Communist]] auspices in 1935,” according to a 1942 report by [[President]] [[Franklin Roosevelt]]'s [[Attorney General]] Francis Biddle.<ref>During the [[Nazi-Soviet pact]], said Biddle, the League “began openly to follow the Communist Party line as dictated by the foreign policy of the Soviet Union.” The League's sudden pacifism during the pact, and equally sudden reversion to pro-war militancy upon its breakdown, observed Biddle, left “little doubt of its Communist control.” {{cite journal |year=September 2, 1942 |journal=Congressional Record |publisher=United States Government Printing Office |pages=7685-7686}} cited in {{cite book |title=Third Report: Un-American Activities in California |last=Joint Fact-Finding Committee |first=California Legislature |year=1947 |publisher=California Senate |location=Sacramento |pages=67-69 (PDF pp. 77-79) |url=http://ia331311.us.archive.org/3/items/jointfactunamer00calirich/jointfactunamer00calirich.pdf |accessdate=2010-07-26}}</ref>

Nevertheless, the following year, [[FDR]] appointed MacLeish Librarian of Congress. Because he was not a librarian, the American Library Association had opposed his candidacy for the post, although he had been endorsed by the Progressive Librarians Council,<ref>{{cite journal |last=McReynolds |first=Rosalee |year=Winter 1990/91 |title=The Progressive Librarians Council and Its Founders |journal=Progressive Librarian |publisher=Progressive Librarians Guild |issue=Issue no. 2 |url=http://www.libr.org/pl/2_McReynolds.html}}</ref> founded by [[Soviet]] agents<ref>John Earl Haynes and Harvey Klehr, ''[ Venona: Decoding Soviet Espionage in America]'' (Yale University Press, 2000) ISBN 0300084625, pp. 178-180</ref> [[Phillip Keeney|Phillip]] and [[Mary Jane Keeney]]. Soon after MacLeish got the post, Phillip Keeney would be working at the Library of Congress,<ref>{{cite journal |last=McReynolds |first=Rosalee |year=Winter 1990/91 |title=The Progressive Librarians Council and Its Founders |journal=Progressive Librarian |publisher=Progressive Librarians Guild |issue=Issue no. 2 |url=http://www.libr.org/pl/2_McReynolds.html}}</ref> where he handled classified material.<ref>{{cite book |title=Annual Report, 1949 |last=United States House of Representatives |first=Committee on Un-American Activities |authorlink=Committee on Un-American Activities |year=March 15, 1950 |publisher=United States Government Printing Office |location=Washington |pages=3-4 (PDF pp. 9-10) |url=http://ia341007.us.archive.org/2/items/annualreportfory1949unit/annualreportfory1949unit_bw.pdf |accessdate=2010-07-25}}</ref>

Nevertheless, the following year, [[FDR]] appointed MacLeish Librarian of Congress. Because he was not a librarian, the American Library Association had opposed his candidacy for the post, although he had been endorsed by the Progressive Librarians Council,<ref>{{cite journal |last=McReynolds |first=Rosalee |year=Winter 1990/91 |title=The Progressive Librarians Council and Its Founders |journal=Progressive Librarian |publisher=Progressive Librarians Guild |issue=Issue no. 2 |url=http://www.libr.org/pl/2_McReynolds.html}}</ref> founded by [[Soviet]] agents<ref>John Earl Haynes and Harvey Klehr, ''[ Venona: Decoding Soviet Espionage in America]'' (Yale University Press, 2000) ISBN 0300084625, pp. 178-180</ref> [[Philip Keeney|Philip]] and [[Mary Jane Keeney]]. Soon after MacLeish got the post, Philip Keeney would be working at the Library of Congress,<ref>{{cite journal |last=McReynolds |first=Rosalee |year=Winter 1990/91 |title=The Progressive Librarians Council and Its Founders |journal=Progressive Librarian |publisher=Progressive Librarians Guild |issue=Issue no. 2 |url=http://www.libr.org/pl/2_McReynolds.html}}</ref> where he handled classified material.<ref>{{cite book |title=Annual Report, 1949 |last=United States House of Representatives |first=Committee on Un-American Activities |authorlink=Committee on Un-American Activities |year=March 15, 1950 |publisher=United States Government Printing Office |location=Washington |pages=3-4 (PDF pp. 9-10) |url=http://ia341007.us.archive.org/2/items/annualreportfory1949unit/annualreportfory1949unit_bw.pdf |accessdate=2010-07-25}}</ref>

During [[World War II]], MacLeish served as director of the War Department's Office of Facts and Figures and assistant director of the [[Office of War Information]]<ref>[http://www.poets.org/poet.php/prmPID/47 Archibald MacLeish], Academy of American Poets</ref>(where his subordinates included [[Owen Lattimore]], director of Pacific Operations, and [[Joseph Barnes]], in charge of international broadcasting),<ref>Erik Barnouw, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=UzVDHPsJ6AoC The Golden Web: A History of Broadcasting in the United States, 1933 to 1953]'' (Oxford University Press, 1968) ISBN 0195004752, p. 159</ref> then (in 1944) assistant secretary of state for Cultural Affairs.

During [[World War II]], MacLeish served as director of the War Department's Office of Facts and Figures and assistant director of the [[Office of War Information]]<ref>[http://www.poets.org/poet.php/prmPID/47 Archibald MacLeish], Academy of American Poets</ref>(where his subordinates included [[Owen Lattimore]], director of Pacific Operations, and [[Joseph Barnes]], in charge of international broadcasting),<ref>Erik Barnouw, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=UzVDHPsJ6AoC The Golden Web: A History of Broadcasting in the United States, 1933 to 1953]'' (Oxford University Press, 1968) ISBN 0195004752, p. 159</ref> then (in 1944) assistant secretary of state for Cultural Affairs.