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An estimated 180,000<ref>http://www.mega.nu/ampp/rummel/dbg.tab11.2.gif, counting the 30,000 Vietnamese killed during the "cease-fire" period</ref> Indochinese died in the renewed Communist offensive to conquer South Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia after the American withdrawal.  Professor R.J. Rummel calculates that Communist Vietnam directly killed 1.8 million people from 1954 to 1987 in democide alone (not counting war casualties or the "boat people").<ref>http://www.hawaii.edu/powerkills/SOD.CHAP6.HTM</ref>   

An estimated 180,000<ref>http://www.mega.nu/ampp/rummel/dbg.tab11.2.gif, counting the 30,000 Vietnamese killed during the "cease-fire" period</ref> Indochinese died in the renewed Communist offensive to conquer South Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia after the American withdrawal.  Professor R.J. Rummel calculates that Communist Vietnam directly killed 1.8 million people from 1954 to 1987 in democide alone (not counting war casualties or the "boat people").<ref>http://www.hawaii.edu/powerkills/SOD.CHAP6.HTM</ref>   

Phnom Penh, the capital of Cambodia, fell to followers of the Communist Party of Kampuchea, commonly known as the [[Khmer Rouge]], on April 17, 1975.  Over the next four years, the Khmer Rouge enacted a genocidal policy that would kill over one-fifth of all Cambodians, or more than a million people.  Investigators have uncovered and examined the remains of 1.1 million Cambodians found in mass graves near Khmer Rouge execution centers whose cause of death has been determined by the investigators to have been execution by the former Khmer Rouge regime.<ref>http://www.mekong.net/cambodia/deaths.htm</ref><ref>http://www.mekong.net/cambodia/toll.htm</ref><ref>http://welcome.to/dccam</ref>  Because no ''more'' than roughly ''half'' and as little as a ''third'' of those killed by the Khmer Rouge were executed (the rest having died from other causes like state-created famine, the deliberate withholding of basic necessities by the state, the refusal by the state to allow foreign aid, the abolishing of medicine and hospitals by the state, systematic overwork and slave labor by the state, and brutal mistreatment by the state), the Documentation Center of Cambodia estimates that the former regime killed or otherwise caused the unnecessary deaths of, between 2 and 3 million Cambodians.<ref>http://www.mekong.net/cambodia/deaths.htm</ref> A UN investigation reported 2-3 million dead, while UNICEF estimated 3 million had been killed.<ref>William Shawcross, The Quality of Mercy: Cambodia, Holocaust, and Modern Conscience (Touchstone, 1985), p115-6</ref>  Demographic estimates went as high as 4 million killed by the Khmer Rouge from 1975 to 1978.<ref>http://www.paulbogdanor.com/chomsky/labedz.pdf</ref>  Even the Khmer Rouge acknowledged that 2 million had been killed—though they attributed those deaths to a subsequent Vietnamese invasion.<ref>Khieu Samphan, Interview, Time, March 10, 1980</ref>  By late 1979, UN and Red Cross officials were warning that another 2.25 million Cambodians faced death by starvation due to “the near destruction of Cambodian society under the regime of ousted Prime Minister Pol Pot,”<ref>New York Times, August 8, 1979.</ref><ref>http://www.time.com/time/magazine/printout/0,8816,912511,00.html</ref> who were saved by American and international aid.  After repeated border clashes in 1978, Vietnam invaded Cambodia and ousted the Khmer Rouge.  According to R.J. Rummel; the Vietnamese invasion and occupation, puppet regime in Cambodia (led by former Khmer Rouge officials turned “moderates”), ongoing guerilla warfare, and ensuing famine had killed another 1.2 million Cambodians by 1987 (Samrin's regime alone killed between 500,000 and 1,500,000 Cambodians).<ref>http://www.hawaii.edu/powerkills/SOD.CHAP4.HTM</ref>  The bloodshed from 1970 (when North Vietnam first invaded and attempted to overrun Cambodia) to 1987 affected Cambodia so severely that its actual population in 1987 was 5 million short of what had been predicted in 1970.<ref>http://www.hawaii.edu/powerkills/DBG.FIG9.2.GIF</ref> Cambodia's civil war from 1978-1994 killed an estimated 225,000 individuals directly, with an additional 250,000 dying from war-related famine.<ref>http://users.erols.com/mwhite28/warstat3.htm#Cambodian</ref>

Phnom Penh, the capital of Cambodia, fell to followers of the Communist Party of Kampuchea, commonly known as the [[Khmer Rouge]], on April 17, 1975.  Over the next four years, the Khmer Rouge enacted a genocidal policy that would kill over one-fifth of all Cambodians, or more than a million people.  Investigators have uncovered and examined the remains of 1,386,734 Cambodians found in mass graves near Khmer Rouge execution centers whose cause of death has been determined to have been primarily execution by the former Khmer Rouge regime. <ref>http://www.mekong.net/cambodia/deaths.htm</ref>  Because only about one-half to a third of those who died during the Khmer Rouge years were executed (the rest having died from other causes like state-created famine, the deliberate withholding of basic necessities by the state, the refusal by the state to allow foreign aid, the abolishing of medicine and hospitals by the state, systematic overwork and slave labor by the state, brutal mistreatment by the state, and normal mortality), the Documentation Center of Cambodia estimates that the former regime killed or otherwise caused the unnecessary deaths of, between 2.0 and 2.5 million Cambodians.<ref>http://www.mekong.net/cambodia/deaths.htm</ref> This is because 2.5 to 3 million Cambodiand died from 75-79, and 500,000 deaths over this time would have represented normal mortality. A UN investigation reported 2-3 million dead, while UNICEF estimated 3 million had been killed.<ref>William Shawcross, The Quality of Mercy: Cambodia, Holocaust, and Modern Conscience (Touchstone, 1985), p115-6</ref>  Even the Khmer Rouge acknowledged that 2 million had been killed—though they attributed those deaths to a subsequent Vietnamese invasion.<ref>Khieu Samphan, Interview, Time, March 10, 1980</ref>  By late 1979, UN and Red Cross officials were warning that another 2.25 million Cambodians faced death by starvation due to “the near destruction of Cambodian society under the regime of ousted Prime Minister Pol Pot,”<ref>New York Times, August 8, 1979.</ref><ref>http://www.time.com/time/magazine/printout/0,8816,912511,00.html</ref> who were saved by American and international aid.  After repeated border clashes in 1978, Vietnam invaded Cambodia and ousted the Khmer Rouge.  Another 100-200,000 Cambodians were killed by the brutal dictatorship imposed on Cambodia by Communist Vietnam.  Cambodia's civil war from 1978-1994 killed an estimated 200,000 individuals.<ref>http://users.erols.com/mwhite28/warstat3.htm#Cambodian</ref>

In response, China invaded Vietnam in 1979.  The two countries fought a brief border war, known as the Third Indochina War, which cost over 200,000 casualties, including tens of thousands of deaths.  According to figures from the UN Commission of Refugees, mass expulsions by Communist Vietnam led to the deaths by drowning of 200-400,000 South Vietnamese “boat people,” while more than 600,000 South Vietnamese were killed after the Communist take-over.<ref>Associated Press, June 23, 1979, San Diego Union, July 20, 1986.  See generally Nghia M. Vo, The Bamboo Gulag (McFarland, 2004)</ref>  Indeed, nearly 100,000 South Vietnamese were killed within the first 90 days of the Communist takeover.<ref>http://www.vietnam.ttu.edu/events/1996_Symposium/96papers/story.htm</ref>

In response, China invaded Vietnam in 1979.  The two countries fought a brief border war, known as the Third Indochina War, which cost over 200,000 casualties, including tens of thousands of deaths.  According to figures from the UN Commission of Refugees, mass expulsions by Communist Vietnam led to the deaths by drowning of 200-400,000 South Vietnamese “boat people,” while more than 500-600,000 South Vietnamese were killed after the Communist take-over.<ref>Associated Press, June 23, 1979, San Diego Union, July 20, 1986.  See generally Nghia M. Vo, The Bamboo Gulag (McFarland, 2004)</ref>  Indeed, nearly 100,000 South Vietnamese were killed within the first 90 days of the Communist takeover.<ref>http://www.vietnam.ttu.edu/events/1996_Symposium/96papers/story.htm</ref>

The Pathet Lao overthrew the Royalist Government of Laos in December 1975.  They established a Communist dictatorship known as the Lao People’s Democratic Republic.  The Pathet Lao waged a campaign of genocide, exterminating an estimated over 100,000 Hmong tribespeople.  They inflicted massacres, terror bombing, concentration camps, and mass rape.<ref>Forced Back and Forgotten (Lawyers’ Committee for Human Rights, 1989); and Jane Hamilton-Merrit, ''Tragic Mountains:  The Hmong, the Americans, and the Secret Wars for Laos'' (Indiana University Press, 1999)</ref>  The Communists killed over 184,000 people in Laos altogether.<ref>http://users.erols.com/mwhite28/warstat5.htm#Lao75</ref>

The Pathet Lao overthrew the Royalist Government of Laos in December 1975.  They established a Communist dictatorship known as the Lao People’s Democratic Republic.  The Pathet Lao waged a campaign of genocide, exterminating an estimated over 100,000 Hmong tribespeople.  They inflicted massacres, terror bombing, concentration camps, and mass rape.<ref>Forced Back and Forgotten (Lawyers’ Committee for Human Rights, 1989); and Jane Hamilton-Merrit, ''Tragic Mountains:  The Hmong, the Americans, and the Secret Wars for Laos'' (Indiana University Press, 1999)</ref>  The Communists killed over 184,000 people in Laos altogether.<ref>http://users.erols.com/mwhite28/warstat5.htm#Lao75</ref>