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→Communism: corrected typo, added ref
{{Cquote|[W]e were told, under threat of expulsion, never to reveal that Paul Robeson was a member of the Communist Party because Paul Robeson's assignment was highly confidential and secret... Paul's assignment was to work among the intellectuals, the professionals and artists that the party was seeking to penetrate and influence along communist lines. As long as Paul Robeson's identity with the party was kept secret, so long would his work among these groups be effective and serve the best interests of the party...<ref>Manning Johnson testimony, July 14, 1949, [http://www.archive.org/stream/investigationofu0304unit#page/4497/mode/1up ''Testimony of Paul Robeson,''] Investigation of the Unauthorized Use of United States Passports - Part 3, Hearings before the Un-American Activities Committee, House of Representatives, Eighty-fourth Congress Second Session, June 12 and 13, 1956, p. 4497. Cf. ''The Media Falsify Robeson's Record,'' AIM Report, March 1976, pages 5, 6, cited in Cliff Kincaid, [http://www.usasurvival.org/docs/chicago-obama.pdf ''Communism in Chicago and the Obama Connection''] (usasurvival.org)</ref>}}
{{Cquote|[W]e were told, under threat of expulsion, never to reveal that Paul Robeson was a member of the Communist Party because Paul Robeson's assignment was highly confidential and secret... Paul's assignment was to work among the intellectuals, the professionals and artists that the party was seeking to penetrate and influence along communist lines. As long as Paul Robeson's identity with the party was kept secret, so long would his work among these groups be effective and serve the best interests of the party...<ref>Manning Johnson testimony, July 14, 1949, [http://www.archive.org/stream/investigationofu0304unit#page/4497/mode/1up ''Testimony of Paul Robeson,''] Investigation of the Unauthorized Use of United States Passports - Part 3, Hearings before the Un-American Activities Committee, House of Representatives, Eighty-fourth Congress Second Session, June 12 and 13, 1956, p. 4497. Cf. ''The Media Falsify Robeson's Record,'' AIM Report, March 1976, pages 5, 6, cited in Cliff Kincaid, [http://www.usasurvival.org/docs/chicago-obama.pdf ''Communism in Chicago and the Obama Connection''] (usasurvival.org)</ref>}}
Robeson's son, Paul Robeson, Jr. (who admits being a member of the Communist Party from about 1948 to 1962) claimed that his father "never joined the Communist Party."<ref>Arnold H. Lubasch, "[http://www.nytimes.com/1993/10/21/garden/in-harlem-with-paul-robeson-jr-finding-his-own-voice-and-learning-to-use-it.html?pagewanted=all IN HARLEM WITH: Paul Robeson Jr.; Finding His Own Voice And Learning to Use It]," ''The New York Times'', October 21, 1993</ref> Martin Duberman, whom Robeson, Jr., asked to be his father's "official biographer"—in part (according to Duberman) because of "my left-wing views"—also claimed in his 1988 biographr that Robeson "was never a member of CPUSA, never a functionary, never a participant in its daily bureaucratic operations."<ref name=dubermanpages/>
Robeson's son, Paul Robeson, Jr. (who admits being a member of the Communist Party from about 1948 to 1962) claimed that his father "never joined the Communist Party."<ref>Arnold H. Lubasch, "[http://www.nytimes.com/1993/10/21/garden/in-harlem-with-paul-robeson-jr-finding-his-own-voice-and-learning-to-use-it.html?pagewanted=all IN HARLEM WITH: Paul Robeson Jr.; Finding His Own Voice And Learning to Use It]," ''The New York Times'', October 21, 1993</ref> Martin Duberman, whom Robeson, Jr., asked to be his father's "official biographer"—in part (according to Duberman) because of "my left-wing views"<ref>Martin Duberman, "[http://www.hartford-hwp.com/archives/45a/297.html Writing Robeson]," ''The Nation'', December 28, 1998</ref>—also claimed in his 1988 biography that Robeson "was never a member of CPUSA, never a functionary, never a participant in its daily bureaucratic operations."<ref name=dubermanpages/>
The same year Duberman's book appeared however, this claim was undermined by no less an authority than CPUSA General Secretary [[Gus Hall]]. He corroborated Manning's testimony in a pamphlet entitled ''[http://www.amazon.com/Paul-Robeson-Communist-Gus-Hall/dp/B0006QXVGS/ Paul Robeson: An American Communist].'' Hall identified Robeson as a secret member of the CPUSA but, he wrote, "The U.S. Ruling Class and its corporate-ruled government made it impossible for Paul to declare his commitment to the Communist Party and a socialist USA."<ref>Cliff Kincaid, [http://www.usasurvival.org/docs/chicago-obama.pdf ''Communism in Chicago and the Obama Connection''], USAsurvival.org, p. 5</ref> According to [http://wernercohn.com/ Werner Cohn], professor emeritus of sociology at the University of British Columbia,<ref>[http://www.library.ubc.ca/archives/u_arch/cohn.html#bio Biographical Sketch], Werner Cohn fonds, University of British Columbia Archives</ref> Hall wrote:
The same year Duberman's book appeared however, this claim was undermined by no less an authority than CPUSA General Secretary [[Gus Hall]]. He corroborated Manning's testimony in a pamphlet entitled ''[http://www.amazon.com/Paul-Robeson-Communist-Gus-Hall/dp/B0006QXVGS/ Paul Robeson: An American Communist].'' Hall identified Robeson as a secret member of the CPUSA but, he wrote, "The U.S. Ruling Class and its corporate-ruled government made it impossible for Paul to declare his commitment to the Communist Party and a socialist USA."<ref>Cliff Kincaid, [http://www.usasurvival.org/docs/chicago-obama.pdf ''Communism in Chicago and the Obama Connection''], USAsurvival.org, p. 5</ref> According to [http://wernercohn.com/ Werner Cohn], professor emeritus of sociology at the University of British Columbia,<ref>[http://www.library.ubc.ca/archives/u_arch/cohn.html#bio Biographical Sketch], Werner Cohn fonds, University of British Columbia Archives</ref> Hall wrote: