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'''Steel''' is the name of an alloy created by adding an amount of up to 2 % carbon to iron.

'''Steel''' is the name of an alloy created by adding an amount of up to 2% [[carbon]] to [[iron]].

Modern steels include other metals such as [[chromium]], [[molybdenum]], [[nickel]], and [[manganese]].  Because even small amounts of these elements can have a dramatic impact on the propertoes of the steel, when businesses ask for steel to be made they must provide the exact percentages of how much of each element is required. Historically smiths have often accidentally created steel by forging iron with the correct carbon content, but the large scale manufacture of steel is a relatively new industry. Many famous structures such as the [[Eiffel Tower]] and [[Golden Gate Bridge]] are made of iron, as steel was too expensive to produce in large quantities. Large scale manufacturing of steel came about through [[industrial revolution|industrialization]] and the rise of [[corporation]]s, especially that of [[Andrew Carnegie]], allowing large industry to operate efficiently.

Modern steels include other metals such as [[chromium]], [[molybdenum]], [[nickel]], and [[manganese]].  Because even small amounts of these elements can have a dramatic impact on the properties of the steel, when businesses ask for steel to be made they must provide the exact percentages of how much of each element is required. Historically smiths have often accidentally created steel by forging iron with the correct carbon content, but the large scale manufacture of steel is a relatively new industry. Many famous structures such as the [[Eiffel Tower]] and [[Golden Gate Bridge]] are made of iron, as steel was too expensive to produce in large quantities. Large scale manufacturing of steel came about through [[industrial revolution|industrialization]] and the rise of [[corporation]]s, especially that of [[Andrew Carnegie]], allowing large industry to operate efficiently.

Steel has allowed great advances in the modern world due to its higher strength for low cost compared to iron. Many world-changing inventions such as the [[internal combustion]] engine would have been impractical without it, as engineers were able to build intricate parts with high strength and a wide range of working temperatures.

Steel has allowed great advances in the modern world due to its higher strength for low cost compared to iron. Many world-changing inventions such as the [[internal combustion]] engine would have been impractical without it, as engineers were able to build intricate parts with high strength and a wide range of working temperatures.

Example: UNS S31600 designates AISI 316 an austenitic stainless steel that is solution annealed non heat treatable stainless steel with moderate strength and with moderate corrosion resistance in sea water.  

Example: UNS S31600 designates AISI 316 an austenitic stainless steel that is solution annealed non heat treatable stainless steel with moderate strength and with moderate corrosion resistance in sea water.  

Modern steels have been made by a number of steel-making processes, such as the bessimer (obsolete process), the open hearth (also obsolete), basic oxygen furnace, basic and acid electric furnaces, induction melting process, vacuum arc remelting process and the electric slag remelting process and many combinations of these processes.  

Modern steels have been made by a number of steel-making processes, such as the Bessemer (obsolete process), the open hearth (also obsolete), basic oxygen furnace, basic and acid electric furnaces, induction melting process, vacuum arc remelting process and the electric slag remelting process and many combinations of these processes.  

Note: The structural steel material used for the construction of the Golden Gate Bridge was produced by Bethleham Steel (now no longer in business).  

Note: The structural steel material used for the construction of the Golden Gate Bridge was produced by Bethlehem Steel (now no longer in business).  

==See also==

==See also==

* [[Steel industry]]

* [[Steel industry]]

[[category:alloys]]

[[category:alloys]]