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[[File:Darwin_monkey_cartoon.jpg|thumb|180px|Caricature of [[Charles Darwin]].  To date, no fossils of ''H. darwinicus orangutanishicus'' have been found.]]

[[File:Darwin_monkey_cartoon.jpg|thumb|180px|Caricature of [[Charles Darwin]].  To date, no fossils of ''H. darwinicus orangutanishicus'' have been found.]]

A [[science|scientific]] [[theory]] proven by the logical principal of [[deduction]]  cannot permit any counterexamples.  In order to be true, the [[theory of evolution|theory of evolution by natural selection acting upon random mutation]] must be able to explain the origins of '''''all''''' living things in terms of a purely [[naturalism|naturalistic view]]. '''If any of the counterexamples listed below is correct, then the theory of evolution fails'''.  Moreover, if there is merely a 5% chance that each of these counterexamples is correct (and the odds are far higher than that<ref>Many of the counterexamples are indisputable, rendering each of their probabilities of being correct nearly 100%.</ref>), then the odds that these counterexamples are ''all'' incorrect and that evolution is true becomes very small (only a 4.6% chance that evolution is true with 60 possible counterexamples).

The [[theory of evolution]] does not permit the existence of any counterexamples.  '''If any of the counterexamples listed below is correct, then the theory of evolution fails'''.  Moreover, if there is merely a 5% chance that each of these counterexamples is correct (and the odds are far higher than that<ref>Many of the counterexamples are indisputable, rendering each of their probabilities of being correct nearly 100%.</ref>), then the odds that these counterexamples are ''all'' incorrect and that evolution is true becomes very small (only a 4.6% chance that evolution is true with 60 possible counterexamples).

==Counterexamples==

==Counterexamples==

===Logical examples===

===Logical examples===