Changes

Before developing resistance, use of DDT dust, followed by malathion, diazinon, etc.  (in addition to normal measures such as laundering), was effective in largely eradicating bedbugs in the recent past, as a single thorough application of these older insecticides typically worked as bugs succumbed after crawling or resting contact with previously treated surfaces. As most of today's sprays lack similar residual potency (and with many also being repellent), desiccant (drying) dust formulations may play an increasing role in eliminating and preventing bedbugs in harborage areas.<ref>[http://www.mypmp.net/bed-bugs/bed-bugs-are-dusts-bed-bug-bullet ''Bed Bugs: Are Dusts the Bed Bug Bullet?''] Pest management professional, May, 2009</ref>  

Before developing resistance, use of DDT dust, followed by malathion, diazinon, etc.  (in addition to normal measures such as laundering), was effective in largely eradicating bedbugs in the recent past, as a single thorough application of these older insecticides typically worked as bugs succumbed after crawling or resting contact with previously treated surfaces. As most of today's sprays lack similar residual potency (and with many also being repellent), desiccant (drying) dust formulations may play an increasing role in eliminating and preventing bedbugs in harborage areas.<ref>[http://www.mypmp.net/bed-bugs/bed-bugs-are-dusts-bed-bug-bullet ''Bed Bugs: Are Dusts the Bed Bug Bullet?''] Pest management professional, May, 2009</ref>  

An additional insecticide is hydroprene, which does not actually kill bedbugs, but instead it works to prevent reproduction by disrupting the development of immature bedbugs, resulting in being unable to reproduce. This process takes longer but it can ensure an eventual end of the infestation, if contact with all bedbugs is made, but usually this chemical is used in conjunction with other insecticides.<ref>http://www.bed-bug.org/insectisides-for-bed-bugs/</ref><ref>http://www.zoecon.com/pdfs/GentrolBedBug.pdf</ref>  

A supplementary type of insecticide are Insect Growth Regulators (IGR’s), such as hydroprene and methoprene, which do not actually kill bedbugs, but instead work to prevent reproduction by disrupting the development of immature bedbugs, resulting in being unable to reproduce. This process takes longer but it can ensure an eventual end of the infestation, if contact with all bedbugs is made, but usually this chemical is used in conjunction with other insecticides.<ref>http://www.bed-bug.org/insectisides-for-bed-bugs/</ref><ref>http://www.zoecon.com/pdfs/GentrolBedBug.pdf</ref>  

Bed bugs have not shown resistance to a relatively new material, ''chlorfenapyr'' (marketed as ''Phantom'').<ref>http://newyorkvsbedbugs.org/2010/08/12/the-workmanlike-chlorfenapyr</ref> which is a non-repellent, long-lasting residual killer. However, use of chlorfenapyr is only legal for licensed exterminators,<ref>http://store.parsonspestcontrol.com/msds/Phantom_Label.pdf</ref> and may require ten or more days to kill the bugs, during which the insect may still be active and females may wander and deposit viable eggs in other locations. Currently, microencapsulated materials such as contain esfenvalerate (''Onslaught'') or lamba-cyhalothrin (Demand CS) may offer the ''rapid'' reduction of susceptible populations.<ref>http://ento.psu.edu/extension/factsheets/bedbugs</ref> Also reported effective against some pyrethroid-resistant bugs were two pyrethroid-based dusts, (''Tempo Dust;'' ''Drione'') as well as diatomaceous earth.<ref>http://newyorkvsbedbugs.org/2009/05/22/finally-researchers-on-the-efficacy-of-dusts/</ref>

Bed bugs have not shown resistance to a relatively new material, ''chlorfenapyr'' (marketed as ''Phantom'').<ref>http://newyorkvsbedbugs.org/2010/08/12/the-workmanlike-chlorfenapyr</ref> which is a non-repellent, long-lasting residual killer. However, use of chlorfenapyr is only legal for licensed exterminators,<ref>http://store.parsonspestcontrol.com/msds/Phantom_Label.pdf</ref> and may require ten or more days to kill the bugs, during which the insect may still be active and females may wander and deposit viable eggs in other locations. Currently, microencapsulated materials such as contain esfenvalerate (''Onslaught'') or lamba-cyhalothrin (Demand CS) may offer the ''rapid'' reduction of susceptible populations.<ref>http://ento.psu.edu/extension/factsheets/bedbugs</ref> Also reported effective against some pyrethroid-resistant bugs were two pyrethroid-based dusts, (''Tempo Dust;'' ''Drione'') as well as diatomaceous earth.<ref>http://newyorkvsbedbugs.org/2009/05/22/finally-researchers-on-the-efficacy-of-dusts/</ref>