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→Freezing: More on cold
===Freezing===
===Freezing===
A study on freezing bedbugs showed that 2 hours at 1.4°F killed all bedbugs and eggs when placed directly (not in clothes) in the freezer. But when a bag of laundry was placed in the freezer, it took about 8 hours for the temperature at the center of the bag to reach 1.4°F.<ref>[http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/esa/jee/2010/00000103/00000001/art00018 Naylor, R. A.; Boase, C. J. ''Practical Solutions for Treating Laundry Infested With Cimex lectularius (Hemiptera: Cimicidae)''] Journal of Economic Entomology, Volume 103, Number 1, February 2010 , pp. 136-139(4</ref>
A study on freezing bedbugs showed that 2 hours at 1.4°F killed all bedbugs and eggs when placed directly (not in clothes) in the freezer. But when a bag of laundry was placed in the freezer, it took about 8 hours for the temperature at the center of the bag to reach 1.4°F.<ref>[http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/esa/jee/2010/00000103/00000001/art00018 Naylor, R. A.; Boase, C. J. ''Practical Solutions for Treating Laundry Infested With Cimex lectularius (Hemiptera: Cimicidae)''] Journal of Economic Entomology, Volume 103, Number 1, February 2010 , pp. 136-139(4</ref>
The supercooling point of bedbugs is -4°F, and one study showed that all bedbugs were killed by a direct 1 hour exposure to −3°F. However, bedbugs have the capacity for rapid cold hardening, so that a 1-h exposure to 32°F improved their subsequent tolerance of −7°F and −3°F respectively, requiring either longer duration or lower temperatures. <ref>Medical and Veterinary Entomology, ''Responses of the bed bug, Cimex lectularius, to temperature extremes and dehydration: levels of tolerance, rapid cold hardening and expression of heat shock proteins'', Volume 23, Issue 4, pages 418–425, December 2009</ref>
Based upon research on other insects, it is stated that a minimum temperature of 23°F must be held for 5 days in order to kill bugs and eggs, while minus 15°F is said to instantly freeze the latter. Freezing also requires that bedbugs be actually in those temperature, versus simply the exterior of materials which house bedbugs being subjected to such.<ref>http://www.ipmctoc.umn.edu/Control_of_bedbugs_in_residences_US_Commercial.pdf</ref>
===Volumetric heating===
===Volumetric heating===