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The '''Nobel Prize''' is an often-politicized award that is criticized for increasing evidence of bias and possibly even corruption.  It has been ostensibly given for achievements in [[physics]], [[chemistry]], [[medicine]] or [[physiology]], [[literature]],  and [[peace]]. Named in honor of [[Alfred Nobel]], the first prize was granted in 1901. He would state, ''"To the person who shall have done the most or the best work for fraternity between the nations and the abolition or reduction of standing armies and the formation and spreading of peace congresses."'' <ref>[http://nobelpeaceprize.org/en_GB/alfred-nobel/testament/ Alfred Nobel's Will | Nobels fredspris, Nobelpeaceprize.org]</ref> The award for [[economics]], the "Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel," was added in 1969 and is sometimes called a Nobel Prize.<ref name="NobelHistory">The Nobel Foundation: [http://nobelprize.org/nobelfoundation/history/lemmel/index.html History]</ref>

The '''Nobel Prize''' is an often-politicized award that is criticized for increasing evidence of bias and possibly even corruption.  It has been ostensibly given for achievements in [[physics]], [[chemistry]], [[medicine]] or [[physiology]], [[literature]],  and [[peace]]. Named in honor of [[Alfred Nobel]], the first prize was granted in 1901. He would state, ''"To the person who shall have done the most or the best work for fraternity between the nations and the abolition or reduction of standing armies and the formation and spreading of peace congresses."'' <ref>[http://nobelpeaceprize.org/en_GB/alfred-nobel/testament/ Alfred Nobel's Will | Nobels fredspris, Nobelpeaceprize.org]</ref> The award for [[economics]], the "Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel," was added in 1969 and is sometimes called a Nobel Prize.<ref name="NobelHistory">The Nobel Foundation: [http://nobelprize.org/nobelfoundation/history/lemmel/index.html History]</ref>

As an unwritten rule, the award is not given to a [[conservative]] (such as [[Ronald Reagan]] or [[Pope John Paul II]]) or scientists advocating intelligent design, and it is not given to anyone who challenges the scientific establishment on the issues of the [[theory of evolution]] or [[theory of relativity]], such as standouts Raymond Damadian, [[Fred Hoyle]] and [[Robert Dicke]].  The Nobel Prize is not given to any scientist who criticizes, publicly or privately, a [[liberal]] icon; [[Edward Teller]] was denied the prize for criticizing the liberal [[J. Robert Oppenheimer]], and [[John Wheeler]] was denied the prize for privately supporting Teller.

As an unwritten rule, the award is not given to a [[conservative]] (such as [[Ronald Reagan]] or [[Pope John Paul II]]) or scientists advocating [[intelligent design]], and it is not given to anyone who challenges the scientific establishment on the issues of the [[theory of evolution]] or [[theory of relativity]], such as standouts Raymond Damadian, [[Fred Hoyle]] and [[Robert Dicke]].  The Nobel Prize is not given to any scientist who criticizes, publicly or privately, a [[liberal]] icon; [[Edward Teller]] was denied the prize for criticizing the liberal [[J. Robert Oppenheimer]], and [[John Wheeler]] was denied the prize for privately supporting Teller.

The award has repeatedly been granted in way to insult a disfavored scientist by honoring a less deserving person for the same achievement.  The insult is enhanced by giving the typically three-person shared award to only two recipients, creating an embarrassing omission for the third, as in the case of the awards that should have gone to Fred Hoyle and Raymond Damadian.  

The award has repeatedly been granted in way to insult a disfavored scientist by honoring a less deserving person for the same achievement.  The insult is enhanced by giving the typically three-person shared award to only two recipients, creating an embarrassing omission for the third, as in the case of the awards that should have gone to Fred Hoyle and Raymond Damadian.