Changes

{{American Civil War

{{ACWbattle

| image       =1st battle manassas.jpg

| conflict    =  

|image=[[File:1st battle manassas.jpg|300px]]

| partof      =Manassas Campaign

|begin=21 July 1861

| date        =July 21, 1861

|end=same day

| location    =Manassas, Virginia

|place=Fairfax and Prince William Counties, Virginia

| combatant1  =Army of Northeastern Virginia  

| combatant2  =C.S. Army of the Shenandoah<br/>C.S. Army of the Potomac  

|campaign=Manassas Campaign

| commander1  =[[Irvin McDowell]]<br/>Maj. General, USA  

| commander2  =[[Joseph E. Johnston]]<br/>General, CSA<br/>[[Pierre G. T. Beauregard]]<br/>Brig. General, CSA  

|combatants1=Army of Northeastern Virginia

| strength1   =28,000–35,000 soldiers<br/>18,000 engaged  

|combatants2=C.S. Army of the Shenandoah<br/>C.S. Army of the Potomac

| strength2   =32,000–34,000 soldiers<br/>18,000 engaged

|commanders1=[[Irvin McDowell]]<br/>Maj. General, USA  

| casualties1 =Killed: 460<br/>Wounded: 1,124<br/>Missing or captured: 1,312

|commanders2=[[Joseph E. Johnston]]<br/>General, CSA<br/>[[Pierre G. T. Beauregard]]<br/>Brig. General, CSA

| casualties2 =Killed: 387<br/>Wounded: 1,582<br/>Missing: 13  

|strength1=28,000–35,000 soldiers<br/>18,000 engaged

|strength2=32,000–34,000 soldiers<br/>18,000 engaged

|casualties1='''2,896'''<br/>Killed: 460<br/>Wounded: 1,124<br/>Missing or captured: 1,312

|casualties2='''1,982'''<br/>Killed: 387<br/>Wounded: 1,582<br/>Missing: 13  

}}

}}

The '''First Battle of Bull Run''' was the first major battle of the [[American Civil War]], taking place on July 21, 1861 near the town of Manassas, [[Virginia]].  Called '''First Manassas''' by the South, the battle involving green troops on both sides would turn into a major defeat against the Union army, and lead many to conclude that a war thought to last for a few months would drag on for years.

The '''First Battle of Bull Run''' was the first major battle of the [[American Civil War]], taking place on July 21, 1861 near the town of Manassas, [[Virginia]].  Called '''First Manassas''' by the South, the battle involving green troops on both sides would turn into a major defeat against the Union army, and lead many to conclude that a war thought to last for a few months would drag on for years.

First Bull Run demonstrated that the war would not be won by one grand battle, and both sides began preparing for a long and bloody conflict. In the North, Lincoln called for an additional 500,000 volunteers with three-year enlistments, and the men with ninety-day enlistments were sent home. In the South, once the euphoria of victory had worn off, Jefferson Davis called for 400,000 additional volunteers. The battle also showed the need for adequately trained and experienced officers and men. One year later many of the same soldiers who had fought at First Bull Run, now combat veterans, would have an opportunity to test their skills on the same battlefield.

First Bull Run demonstrated that the war would not be won by one grand battle, and both sides began preparing for a long and bloody conflict. In the North, Lincoln called for an additional 500,000 volunteers with three-year enlistments, and the men with ninety-day enlistments were sent home. In the South, once the euphoria of victory had worn off, Jefferson Davis called for 400,000 additional volunteers. The battle also showed the need for adequately trained and experienced officers and men. One year later many of the same soldiers who had fought at First Bull Run, now combat veterans, would have an opportunity to test their skills on the same battlefield.

==References==

==References==

*Beauregard, Pierre G. T. "The First Battle of Bull Run," article in ''Battles and Leaders of the Civil War'', edited by Clarence C. Buel and Robert U. Johnson. New York: Century Co. (1884, 1887, 1888).

*Beauregard, Pierre G. T. "The First Battle of Bull Run," article in ''Battles and Leaders of the Civil War'', edited by Clarence C. Buel and Robert U. Johnson. New York: Century Co. (1884, 1887, 1888).

*Fry, James B. "McDowell’s Advance to Bull Run", article in ''Battles and Leaders of the Civil War'', edited by Clarence C. Buel and Robert U. Johnson. New York: Century Co. (1884, 1887, 1888).

*Fry, James B. "McDowell’s Advance to Bull Run", article in ''Battles and Leaders of the Civil War'', edited by Clarence C. Buel and Robert U. Johnson. New York: Century Co. (1884, 1887, 1888).