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On September 7, 1942, NKVD officer Semen Semenov recruited Julius Rosenberg to spy for the Soviet Union at a Labor Day rally in New York City.<ref>Aleksandr Feklisov, and Sergei Kostin, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=Dp8gAQAAIAAJ The Man Behind the Rosenbergs]'' (Enigma Books, 2001) ISBN 1-929631-08-1, p. 109</ref> Rosenberg formed his own underground cell, and recruited several people, including Joel Barr, Alfred Sarant,<ref>Steven T. Usdin, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=QTdWLFXKw_UC Engineering communism: how two Americans spied for Stalin and founded the Soviet Silicon Valley]'' (Yale University Press, 2005) ISBN 0300108745, p. 66</ref> Russell McNutt,<ref>John Earl Haynes, Harvey Klehr and Alexander Vassiliev, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=qCAVQ_cdomcC Spies: the rise and fall of the KGB in America]'' (Yale University Press, 2009) ISBN 0300123906, p. 36</ref> and his wife Ethel's sister, Ruth Greenglass.<ref>“LIBERAL [Julius Rosenberg] recommended the wife of his wife's brother, Ruth GREENGLASS.... She is 21 years old, a TOWNSWOMAN [U.S. citizen], a GYMNAST [“Probably a member of the Young Communist League”] since 1942.... LIBERAL and his wife recommend her as an intelligent and clever girl.

On September 7, 1942, NKVD officer Semen Semenov recruited Julius Rosenberg to spy for the Soviet Union at a Labor Day rally in New York City.<ref>Aleksandr Feklisov, and Sergei Kostin, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=Dp8gAQAAIAAJ The Man Behind the Rosenbergs]'' (Enigma Books, 2001) ISBN 1-929631-08-1, p. 109</ref> Rosenberg formed his own underground cell, and recruited several people, including Joel Barr, Alfred Sarant,<ref>Steven T. Usdin, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=QTdWLFXKw_UC Engineering communism: how two Americans spied for Stalin and founded the Soviet Silicon Valley]'' (Yale University Press, 2005) ISBN 0300108745, p. 66</ref> Russell McNutt,<ref>John Earl Haynes, Harvey Klehr and Alexander Vassiliev, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=qCAVQ_cdomcC Spies: the rise and fall of the KGB in America]'' (Yale University Press, 2009) ISBN 0300123906, p. 36</ref> and his wife Ethel's sister, Ruth Greenglass.<ref>“LIBERAL [Julius Rosenberg] recommended the wife of his wife's brother, Ruth GREENGLASS.... She is 21 years old, a TOWNSWOMAN [U.S. citizen], a GYMNAST [“Probably a member of the Young Communist League”] since 1942.... LIBERAL and his wife recommend her as an intelligent and clever girl.

…. [Ruth] learned that her husband ... is now working at the ENORMOUS [Manhattan Project] plant in SANTA FE, New Mexico.” [http://www.nsa.gov/public_info/_files/venona/1944/21sep_recruitment_by_rosenbergs.pdf Venona 1340] KGB New York to Moscow 21 September 1944</ref> Julius in turn urged his sister-in-law to recruit her husband, David Greenglass, into a conspiracy to pass atomic secrets to the Soviets, and Ethel pushed her to comply.</ref>“[S]he said that I should at least relay the message, that she felt that David might be interested, he would want to do this.... [S]he urged me to talk to David. She felt that even if I was against it, I should at least discuss it with him and hear what he had to say.” [http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/news/20080911/rosenbergcasefiles-greenglass-ruth-pg9132to9161.pdf Testimony of Ruth Greenglass], US v. Julius Rosenberg, et al., August 3, 1950, pp. 6-7</ref> Shortly thereafter, on November 4, 1944, David Greenlass wrote to his wife from Los Alamos, "I most certainly will be glad to be part of the community project that Julius and his friends have in mind."<ref>Richard Rhodes, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=f113iCcn87wC Dark sun: the making of the hydrogen bomb] (Simon and Schuster, 1996) ISBN 0684824140, p. 138</ref>

…. [Ruth] learned that her husband ... is now working at the ENORMOUS [Manhattan Project] plant in SANTA FE, New Mexico.” [http://www.nsa.gov/public_info/_files/venona/1944/21sep_recruitment_by_rosenbergs.pdf Venona 1340] KGB New York to Moscow 21 September 1944</ref> Julius in turn urged his sister-in-law to recruit her husband, David Greenglass, into a conspiracy to pass atomic secrets to the Soviets, and Ethel pushed her to comply.<ref>“[S]he said that I should at least relay the message, that she felt that David might be interested, he would want to do this.... [S]he urged me to talk to David. She felt that even if I was against it, I should at least discuss it with him and hear what he had to say.” [http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/news/20080911/rosenbergcasefiles-greenglass-ruth-pg9132to9161.pdf Testimony of Ruth Greenglass], US v. Julius Rosenberg, et al., August 3, 1950, pp. 6-7</ref> Shortly thereafter, on November 4, 1944, David Greenlass wrote to his wife from Los Alamos, "I most certainly will be glad to be part of the community project that Julius and his friends have in mind."<ref>Richard Rhodes, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=f113iCcn87wC Dark sun: the making of the hydrogen bomb] (Simon and Schuster, 1996) ISBN 0684824140, p. 138</ref>

After more than half a century of denial, Rosenberg trial co-defendant Morton Sobell “dramatically reversed himself” in 2008, admitting “for the first time that he had been a Soviet spy.” He also implicated Rosenberg in a conspiracy to deliver classified  information to the Soviets.<ref>Sam Roberts, "[http://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/12/nyregion/12spy.html?pagewanted=all Figure in Rosenberg Case Admits to Soviet Spying]," ''The New York Times'', September 11, 2008</ref> Even the Rosenbergs' sons then “admitted to a painful conclusion: that their father was a spy.”<ref>Sam Roberts, "[http://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/17/nyregion/17rosenbergs.html?pagewanted=all Father Was a Spy, Sons Conclude With Regret]," September 16, 2008</ref>

After more than half a century of denial, Rosenberg trial co-defendant Morton Sobell “dramatically reversed himself” in 2008, admitting “for the first time that he had been a Soviet spy.” He also implicated Rosenberg in a conspiracy to deliver classified  information to the Soviets.<ref>Sam Roberts, "[http://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/12/nyregion/12spy.html?pagewanted=all Figure in Rosenberg Case Admits to Soviet Spying]," ''The New York Times'', September 11, 2008</ref> Even the Rosenbergs' sons then “admitted to a painful conclusion: that their father was a spy.”<ref>Sam Roberts, "[http://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/17/nyregion/17rosenbergs.html?pagewanted=all Father Was a Spy, Sons Conclude With Regret]," September 16, 2008</ref>