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Learn and remember the above chart.<ref>The terms "England" and "Britain" are used interchangeably (with the same meaning) throughout this course.  Notice how many colonies became royal colonies.  Frequently, this occurred because joint stock companies (such as the Virginia Company of London) became insolvent, or the proprietors of the colony proved unable to govern it.  

Learn and remember the above chart.<ref>The terms "England" and "Britain" are used interchangeably (with the same meaning) throughout this course.</ref> Notice how many colonies became royal colonies.  Frequently, this occurred because joint stock companies (such as the Virginia Company of London) became insolvent (went broke), or the proprietors (owners) of the colony proved unable to govern it.  

Now let's continue with the Colonies around the turn of the century (i.e., the late 1600s and early 1700s).  Don't memorize dates, but do keep time periods separate in your mind.  In the 1600s most of colonies were just getting started (except for [[Georgia]], which was the only colony founded in the 1700s rather than the 1600s).  In the 1700s, the colonies (except for Georgia) had long been established and were just growing stronger.   

Now let's continue with the Colonies around the turn of the century (i.e., the late 1600s and early 1700s).  Don't memorize dates, but do keep time periods separate in your mind.  In the 1600s most of the colonies were just getting started (except for [[Georgia]], which was the only colony founded in the 1700s rather than the 1600s).  In the 1700s, the colonies (except for Georgia) had long been established and were growing stronger.   

I should be able to mention an event and you should be able to tell me if it happened in the 1600s or 1700s.  Learn to quiz yourself:  Jamestown settlement, 1600s or 1700s?  [[Bacon's Rebellion]], 1600s or 1700s?  Founding of [[Pennsylvania]], 1600s or 1700s?  If you don't know the answers in all three cases, then please go back and reread the first lecture.

I should be able to mention an event and you should be able to tell me if it happened in the 1600s or 1700s.  Learn to quiz yourself:  Jamestown settlement, 1600s or 1700s?  [[Bacon's Rebellion]], 1600s or 1700s?  Founding of [[Pennsylvania]], 1600s or 1700s?  If you don't know the answers in all three cases, then please go back and reread the first lecture.

Let's proceed now.  Upheaval occurred in England in 1688.  The people there overthrew [[King James II]], who was Catholic.  His daughter Mary and her husband William of Orange took the throne and reinstated Protestantism, and adopted the [[English Bill of Rights]].  A century later this would inspire the American Bill of Rights.

Events in Europe affected the American colonies.  Upheaval occurred in England in 1688.  The people there overthrew [[King James II]], who was Catholic.  His daughter Mary and her husband William of Orange took the throne and reinstated Protestantism, and adopted the [[English Bill of Rights]].  A century later this would inspire the American Bill of Rights,  One of the first American universities, "William & Mary" in Virginia, was named after King William and Queen Mary.

== The Salem Witch Trials ==

== The Salem Witch Trials ==

In 1692, the [[Salem Witch Trials]] were dozens of trials conducted the town of Salem and other villages located north of Boston, Massachusetts.  Several girls displayed behavior and symptoms suggesting they were possessed by the devil, and it remains a mystery to this day what caused their afflictions, or even if they were play acting.  Their puzzled doctor, after examining them, suggested that the unknown cause might be supernatural.  The community became suspicious of an Indian slave from Barbados in the Caribbean, named Tituba, who had been telling stories of voodoo and witchcraft and even fed a "witch cake" to a dog (at her master's instructions) as a way of a causing pain to the devil and identifying his presence.   

In 1692, dozens of extraordinary criminal trials occurred in the town of Salem and other villages located north of Boston, Massachusetts: the [[Salem Witch Trials]].  Several girls displayed behavior and symptoms suggesting they were possessed by the devil, and it remains a mystery to this day what caused their afflictions, or even if they were play acting.  Their puzzled doctor, after examining them, suggested that the unknown cause might be supernatural.  The community became suspicious of an Indian slave from Barbados in the Caribbean, named Tituba, who had been telling stories of voodoo and witchcraft and even fed a "witch cake" to a dog (at her master's instructions) as a way of a causing pain to the devil and identifying his presence.   

The girls -- who were only 9 and 11 years old -- told identical details about how the devil visited them, including seeing "witches flying through the winter mist."  Tituba first denied being a witch, but then "confessed" that she was a witch and named other townswomen (including a tavern owner) who she said were witches working with her.  Tituba declared that a tall man from Boston, perhaps Satan, visited her and sometimes appeared as a dog or a hog, asking her to do his work.  She said she had flown through the air on poles with the other witches she named, and could not obtain counseling from the minister because the devil had blocked her path.<ref>http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/salem/SAL_ACCT.HTM</ref>

The girls -- who were only 9 and 11 years old -- told identical details about how the devil visited them, including seeing "witches flying through the winter mist."  Tituba first denied being a witch, but then "confessed" that she was a witch and named other townswomen (including a tavern owner) who she said were witches working with her.  Tituba declared that a tall man from Boston, perhaps Satan, visited her and sometimes appeared as a dog or a hog, asking her to do his work.  She said she had flown through the air on poles with the other witches she named, and could not obtain counseling from the minister because the devil had blocked her path.<ref>http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/salem/SAL_ACCT.HTM</ref>