SkipCaptcha, nsSupply_SidersR, nsSupply_Siders_
8,436
edits
Changes
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
Line 56:
Line 56: − − Unfortunately these anti-business policies were similar in philosophy to Franklin Roosevelt's [[New Deal]] policies - which are generally regarded as having either a neutral or negative impact on the overall economy. − + Line 81:
Line 79: − + − + + + + +
more, mostly on tenure as justice
Murphy organized meetings of mayors from across the nation - this would lead to the establishment of the U.S. Conference of Mayors - he would be their first president;<ref name="maveal"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://usmayors.org/about/pastpresidents.asp|title=Past Presidents|work=The United States Conference of Mayors|language=English|format=HTML}}</ref> this group convinced [[Congress]] to provide direct federal aid to the cities.<ref name="bak"/>
Murphy organized meetings of mayors from across the nation - this would lead to the establishment of the U.S. Conference of Mayors - he would be their first president;<ref name="maveal"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://usmayors.org/about/pastpresidents.asp|title=Past Presidents|work=The United States Conference of Mayors|language=English|format=HTML}}</ref> this group convinced [[Congress]] to provide direct federal aid to the cities.<ref name="bak"/>
===Governor-General of the Philippines===
===Governor-General of the Philippines===
As a reward for campainging for [[Franklin Roosevelt]], Murphy was appointed to be Governor-General of the [[Philippines]]. There he attempted to guide the Philippines’ transition from a territory to a commonwealth.<ref name="bak"/> He was a popular leader - in 1935 he became the first United States High Commissioner of the Philippines.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ca6.uscourts.gov/lib_hist/courts/supreme/judges/murphy/fm-bio.html|format=HTML|language=English|work=The United States Government|title=William Francis "Frank" Murphy (1890-1949)}}</ref>
As a reward for campainging for [[Franklin Roosevelt]], Murphy was appointed to be Governor-General of the [[Philippines]]. There he attempted to guide the Philippines’ transition from a territory to a commonwealth.<ref name="bak"/><ref name="jrank">{{cite web|url=http://law.jrank.org/pages/8682/Murphy-Francis-William.html|title=Francis William Murphy - Court, Michigan, Justice, Civil, Supreme, and Rights|work=law.jrank|format=HTML|language=English}}</ref> He enacted [[minimum wage]] laws and supported women's [[suffrage]].<ref name="jrank"/> Murphy was a popular leader - in 1935 he became the first United States High Commissioner of the Philippines.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ca6.uscourts.gov/lib_hist/courts/supreme/judges/murphy/fm-bio.html|format=HTML|language=English|work=The United States Government|title=William Francis "Frank" Murphy (1890-1949)}}</ref>
===Governor of Michigan===
===Governor of Michigan===
===Tenure on the Supreme Court===
===Tenure on the Supreme Court===
President Roosevelt again called Murphy to service - this time to serve on the [[United States Supreme Court|Supreme Court]], possibly to remove the chance of Murphy challenging him in a political race.<ref name="bak"/>
President Roosevelt again called Murphy to service - this time to serve on the [[United States Supreme Court|Supreme Court]], possibly to remove the chance of Murphy challenging him in a political race.<ref name="bak"/>
{{QuoteBox2|quote=“The law knows no finer hour than when it cuts through formal concepts and transitory emotions to protect unpopular citizens against discrimination and persecution.”|source=Frank Murphy|width=300px}}
{{QuoteBox2|quote=“The law knows no finer hour than when it cuts through formal concepts and transitory emotions to protect unpopular citizens against discrimination and persecution.”|source=Frank Murphy, ''Falbo v. United States'' dissent|width=300px}}
As a jurist, he is perhaps best known for his strong dissent in the case [[Korematsu v. United States]], which controversially held as [[Constitutional|constitutional]] the internment of Japanese-Americans during [[World War II]]. Murphy referred to the ruling as the "legalization of racism", saying, "Racial discrimination in any form and in any degree has no justifiable part whatever in our democratic way of life ... All residents of this nation are kin in some way by blood or culture to a foreign land. Yet they are primarily and necessarily a part of the new and distinct civilization of the United States. They must accordingly be treated at all times as the heirs of the American experiment and as entitled to all the rights and freedoms guaranteed by the Constitution."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ftp.resource.org/courts.gov/c/US/323/323.US.214.22.html|format=HTML|title=TOYOSABURO KOREMATSU v. UNITED STATES.|work=public.resource.org|accessdate=02-23-2011|language=English|last=Murphy|first=Frank|date=12-18-1944}}</ref> Murphy also used the phrase "the ugly abyss of racism" - the first time the word "[[racism]]" was used in a Supreme Court opinion.<ref name="bak"/>
As a jurist, he was a strong advocate of [[civil rights]] and distrustful of government power. This view led to perhaps his best known opinion - a dissent in the case [[Korematsu v. United States]], which controversially held as [[Constitutional|constitutional]] the internment of Japanese-Americans during [[World War II]]. Murphy referred to the ruling as the "legalization of racism", saying, "Racial discrimination in any form and in any degree has no justifiable part whatever in our democratic way of life ... All residents of this nation are kin in some way by blood or culture to a foreign land. Yet they are primarily and necessarily a part of the new and distinct civilization of the United States. They must accordingly be treated at all times as the heirs of the American experiment and as entitled to all the rights and freedoms guaranteed by the Constitution."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ftp.resource.org/courts.gov/c/US/323/323.US.214.22.html|format=HTML|title=TOYOSABURO KOREMATSU v. UNITED STATES.|work=public.resource.org|accessdate=02-23-2011|language=English|last=Murphy|first=Frank|date=12-18-1944}}</ref> Murphy also used the phrase "the ugly abyss of racism" - the first time the word "[[racism]]" was used in a Supreme Court opinion.<ref name="bak"/>
Murphy also consistently voted in upholding [[First Amendment]] claims. He voted with the majority to end compulsory flag saluting in schools in ''West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette'' and he wrote the majority opinion protecting [[labor union]] picketing in ''Thornhill v. Alabama''.<ref name="jrank"/>
In 1949 Murphy dissented in ''Wolf v. Colorado'' - where the majority ruled that the [[Fourth Amendment]] was not applicable to the states - in that evidence obtained in violation of the Fourth Amendment can be used in state trials. Murphy wrote that the opinion allowed "lawlessness by officers of the law".<ref name="jrank"/> In 1961, the Court would adopt Murphy's view and overturn ''Wolf'' in ''[[Mapp v. Ohio]]'', establishing the [[exclusionary rule]] for states.<ref name="jrank"/>
During Court recesses, Murphy's desire to be part of the war effort led him to serve as an infantry officer in Fort Benning, [[Georgia]].<ref name="oyez"/>
During Court recesses, Murphy's desire to be part of the war effort led him to serve as an infantry officer in Fort Benning, [[Georgia]].<ref name="oyez"/>