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American History Lecture Ten (view source)

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The jury then deliberated for only 9 minutes, which is probably a record.  It found Darrow's client guilty and ordered him to pay a fine of $100, which was eliminated on a technicality on appeal.<ref>The Tennessee Constitution had a clause that any fine that high must be set by a jury, not by the judge.  The state's Supreme Court vacated the verdict due to that, and then ruled that because Scopes no longer lived in the state, the case was moot.</ref>
 
The jury then deliberated for only 9 minutes, which is probably a record.  It found Darrow's client guilty and ordered him to pay a fine of $100, which was eliminated on a technicality on appeal.<ref>The Tennessee Constitution had a clause that any fine that high must be set by a jury, not by the judge.  The state's Supreme Court vacated the verdict due to that, and then ruled that because Scopes no longer lived in the state, the case was moot.</ref>
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== Review ==
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[[Imperialism]] extended power over other peoples, and America did this particularly around turn of the century (1900).  The Treaty of Paris at the end of the [[Spanish American War]] enabled the United States to annex the Philippine Islands, and also Guam and Puerto Rico.  (Spain had previously held the Philippines ever since the explorer Ferdinand Magellan discovered it in 1521.)  But after we took over, a bloody rebellion continued there by natives.  We sent 70,000 soldiers to suppress them.  Many Americans opposed this imperialism, including Mark Twain and Andrew Carnegie.  They said it was against our American tradition.  After we killed off many of the insurgents, Carnegie sarcastically wrote to our government, "You seem to have about finished your work of civilizing the Filipinos.  About 8000 of them have been completely civilized and sent to Heaven.  I hope you like it." 
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Later President Woodrow Wilson served out his two terms from 1913 through 1921, but was very sickly towards the end.  Perhaps due to overwork in his unsuccessful attempt to persuade the American public to support the League of Nations, which included a strenuous speaking tour, Wilson collapsed after one of his speeches on this topic in Pueblo, Colorado in the fall of 1919.  A week later, on Oct. 2, 1919, Wilson suffered a severe stroke that left him paralyzed and blind in one eye.  He never fully recovered, and his incapacity was hidden from the public and not even his Vice President, his cabinet or Congress was allowed to see him.  The Constitution provided no means for substituting for an incapacitated president (later the 25th Amendment was passed to authorize a passing of power to the Vice President even if the President is still alive).  Wilson's second wife (his first wife had died) essentially acted on behalf of the president for the more than a year, for the remainder of his term.
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The election of 1920 brought new faces to the White House, and a "dark horse" candidate won for the Republicans this time:  Warren G. Harding.
    
== References ==
 
== References ==
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