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'''''Amerasia''''' was a journal on [[Far East]]ern affairs, edited by [[Phillip J. Jaffe]] and [[Kate L. Mitchell]].
''Amerasia'''s chief financial benefactor was [[Frederick V. Field]]. Jaffe, a friend of [[CPUSA]] general secretary [[Earl Browder]]. Its staffers and writers included many Communists. [[Joseph Milton Bernstein]], a [[GRU]] contact between Soviet agents operating in the [[Office of Strategic Services]] and the [[Board of Economic Warfare]], was one of its ex-employees.
==The ''Amerasia'' Affair==
The '''Amerasia Papers''' consist of documents seized by [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]] (FBI) agents on June 6, 1945, in connection with the arrests of six persons, including three U.S. government officials, [[Andrew Roth]], [[Emmanuel Larsen]], [[John S. Service]], on conspiracy and espionage charges related to the purported possession of roughly 1,000 stolen classified Government documents. This resulted in the so-called '''Amerasia Affair'''.
Because the FBI had burglarized the office of ''Amerasia'' and the homes of several individuals, the evidence was deemed tainted and charges were reduced or dropped. Other names connected with the Amerasia affair include:
* [[Joseph Milton Bernstein]], [[Board of Economic Warfare]]
* [[T.A. Bisson]], Board of Economic Warfare
* [[Frederick V. Field]], Executive Secretary [[American Peace Mobilization]]
* [[Mark Gayn]], ''[[The Washington Post]]''
* [[Owen Lattimore]]
==Congressional investigation==
Congressional interest in the case continued, however. In 1946, a House Judiciary subcommittee chaired by Rep. [[Samuel F. Hobbs]] and, in 1950, the Senate Foreign Relations Subcommittee on the Investigation of Loyalty of State Department Employees, or "[[Tydings Committee]]", investigated the ''Amerasia'' case. In 1955, the [[Senate Internal Security Subcommittee]] asked the [[Justice Department]] to deliver the Amerasia materials to them. The records were declassified and, in 1956 and 1957, the Justice Department delivered 1,260 documents to the subcommittee.
The committee published ''The Amerasia Papers: A Clue to the Catastrophe of China ''(2 vols., 1970), offering a biased summary of the case.
The highest-level government employee arrested in the ''Amerasia'' case was State Department official John S. Service, one of [[John Carter Vincent]]'s "[[China Hands]]", who shared living quarters with [[Solomon Adler]] of the [[Treasury Department]] when they both served in China. Upon Service's return to the United States, Service spent time in the company of Jaffe, whom he attested he had just met, showing personal copies of his reports, and commenting to Jaffe while under audio surveillance by FBI that, "What I said about the military plans is, of course, very secret". Service later maintained that his interaction with Jaffe was for the purpose of assisting Jaffe in an article. The material Service provided was from his notes, and it was not uncommon for Washington insiders to provide such background material to journalists. Andrew Roth, also arrested in the case, was the [[Office of Naval Intelligence]] (ONI) liaison officer with the [[Department of State]].
==Outcome==
Senator [[Joseph McCarthy]] of Wisconsin years later said that FBI Director [[J. Edgar Hoover]] believed he had an "airtight case," and Justice Department officials were ready to prosecute. The case displayed every type of security breach imaginable, and federal crime: theft of documents, policy [[subversion (political)|subversion]], cover-up, perjury, and obstruction of justice.
However, the case fell apart under closer scrutiny and the Justice Department swept the matter under the rug. A Federal [[Grand jury]] refused to indict Service by a vote of 20 - 0, and Service was restored to State Department duties. Jaffe and Larsen received fines, and all others were not prosecuted. McCarthy maintained it was a security breach and cover-up of immense proportions.
==See also==
*[[Institute of Pacific Relations]]
==Further reading==
*Klehr, Harvey, ''The Amerasia Spy Case: Prelude to McCarthyism'', University of North Carolina Press, 1996. ISBN 0807822450
*Service, John S., ''The Amerasia Papers: Some Problems in the History of US-China Relations'', Center for Chinese Studies, 1971.
==Reference==
*[http://www.archives.gov/legislative/guide/senate/chapter-13-judiciary-1947-1968.html National Archives, Records of the Committee on the Judiciary and Related Committees]
[[Category:History]]
[[Category:Espionage]]
''Amerasia'''s chief financial benefactor was [[Frederick V. Field]]. Jaffe, a friend of [[CPUSA]] general secretary [[Earl Browder]]. Its staffers and writers included many Communists. [[Joseph Milton Bernstein]], a [[GRU]] contact between Soviet agents operating in the [[Office of Strategic Services]] and the [[Board of Economic Warfare]], was one of its ex-employees.
==The ''Amerasia'' Affair==
The '''Amerasia Papers''' consist of documents seized by [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]] (FBI) agents on June 6, 1945, in connection with the arrests of six persons, including three U.S. government officials, [[Andrew Roth]], [[Emmanuel Larsen]], [[John S. Service]], on conspiracy and espionage charges related to the purported possession of roughly 1,000 stolen classified Government documents. This resulted in the so-called '''Amerasia Affair'''.
Because the FBI had burglarized the office of ''Amerasia'' and the homes of several individuals, the evidence was deemed tainted and charges were reduced or dropped. Other names connected with the Amerasia affair include:
* [[Joseph Milton Bernstein]], [[Board of Economic Warfare]]
* [[T.A. Bisson]], Board of Economic Warfare
* [[Frederick V. Field]], Executive Secretary [[American Peace Mobilization]]
* [[Mark Gayn]], ''[[The Washington Post]]''
* [[Owen Lattimore]]
==Congressional investigation==
Congressional interest in the case continued, however. In 1946, a House Judiciary subcommittee chaired by Rep. [[Samuel F. Hobbs]] and, in 1950, the Senate Foreign Relations Subcommittee on the Investigation of Loyalty of State Department Employees, or "[[Tydings Committee]]", investigated the ''Amerasia'' case. In 1955, the [[Senate Internal Security Subcommittee]] asked the [[Justice Department]] to deliver the Amerasia materials to them. The records were declassified and, in 1956 and 1957, the Justice Department delivered 1,260 documents to the subcommittee.
The committee published ''The Amerasia Papers: A Clue to the Catastrophe of China ''(2 vols., 1970), offering a biased summary of the case.
The highest-level government employee arrested in the ''Amerasia'' case was State Department official John S. Service, one of [[John Carter Vincent]]'s "[[China Hands]]", who shared living quarters with [[Solomon Adler]] of the [[Treasury Department]] when they both served in China. Upon Service's return to the United States, Service spent time in the company of Jaffe, whom he attested he had just met, showing personal copies of his reports, and commenting to Jaffe while under audio surveillance by FBI that, "What I said about the military plans is, of course, very secret". Service later maintained that his interaction with Jaffe was for the purpose of assisting Jaffe in an article. The material Service provided was from his notes, and it was not uncommon for Washington insiders to provide such background material to journalists. Andrew Roth, also arrested in the case, was the [[Office of Naval Intelligence]] (ONI) liaison officer with the [[Department of State]].
==Outcome==
Senator [[Joseph McCarthy]] of Wisconsin years later said that FBI Director [[J. Edgar Hoover]] believed he had an "airtight case," and Justice Department officials were ready to prosecute. The case displayed every type of security breach imaginable, and federal crime: theft of documents, policy [[subversion (political)|subversion]], cover-up, perjury, and obstruction of justice.
However, the case fell apart under closer scrutiny and the Justice Department swept the matter under the rug. A Federal [[Grand jury]] refused to indict Service by a vote of 20 - 0, and Service was restored to State Department duties. Jaffe and Larsen received fines, and all others were not prosecuted. McCarthy maintained it was a security breach and cover-up of immense proportions.
==See also==
*[[Institute of Pacific Relations]]
==Further reading==
*Klehr, Harvey, ''The Amerasia Spy Case: Prelude to McCarthyism'', University of North Carolina Press, 1996. ISBN 0807822450
*Service, John S., ''The Amerasia Papers: Some Problems in the History of US-China Relations'', Center for Chinese Studies, 1971.
==Reference==
*[http://www.archives.gov/legislative/guide/senate/chapter-13-judiciary-1947-1968.html National Archives, Records of the Committee on the Judiciary and Related Committees]
[[Category:History]]
[[Category:Espionage]]