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'''Fundamentalism''', as a religious movement, began in the early 20th century. Many [[Evangelical Christians]], including [[Southern Baptist Convention|Southern Baptists]], have adopted its principled political positions and key theological elements.  It is a tendency found in numerous churches, but it is not an organized movement and has no national body or universally agreed-upon statement.  By extension, scholars have identified fundamentalist tendencies in non-Christian religions. The word is often used by islamophobes as a pejorative term directed against any islamic movement.

'''Fundamentalism''', as a religious movement, began in the early 20th century. Many [[Evangelical Christians]], including [[Southern Baptist Convention|Southern Baptists]], have adopted its principled political positions and key theological elements.  It is a tendency found in numerous churches, but it is not an organized movement and has no national body or universally agreed-upon statement.  By extension, scholars have identified fundamentalist tendencies in non-Christian religions. The word is often used by [[liberals]] as a pejorative term directed against any [[conservative]] movement within Protestant Christianity.

===Definitions of Christian fundamentalism===

===Definitions of Christian fundamentalism===

The term "Fundamentalist" is a historical term originating in the 1920s to describe a specific group of Protestants--including their beliefs and their behavior. Determining a precise meaning by which a Fundamentalist may be defined is often difficult to do because there is great overlap of beliefs within the general category of Evangelicals. In ''Understanding Fundamentalism and Evangelicalism'', George M. Marsden states:

The term "Fundamentalist" is a historical term originating in the 1920s to describe a specific group of Protestants--including their beliefs and their behavior. Determining a precise meaning by which a Fundamentalist may be defined is often difficult to do because there is great overlap of beliefs within the general category of Evangelicals. In ''Understanding Fundamentalism and Evangelicalism'', George M. Marsden states:

:an American fundamentalist is an evangelical who is militant in opposition to liberal theology in the churches or to changes in cultural values or mores, such as those associated with humanism.  

:an American fundamentalist is an evangelical who is militant in opposition to liberal theology in the churches or to changes in cultural values or mores, such as those associated with "secular humanism."

Independent Fundamental Baptists esteem the use of the term "Fundamentalist" in describing themselves. Their foremost leader, [[John R. Rice]], founded a fundamentalist paper ''The Sword of the Lord'' in 1934 and served as its editor till his death in 1980. Its masthead states, "An Independent Christian Publication, Standing for the Verbal Inspiration of the Bible, the Deity of Christ, His Blood Atonement, Salvation by Faith, New Testament Soul Winning and the Premillennial Return of Christ; Opposing Modernism, Worldliness and Formalism." Noted fundamentalists in that group included H.A. Ironside, Bob Jones, Sr., Bob Shuler, William Culbertson, Harry Hager, R.G. Lee, Hyman Appelman, V. Raymond Edman, Scotchie McCall, E.J. Daniels, W.A. Criswell, Joe Henry Hankins.  However, in one illustration of different manifestations of fundamentalism, after the death of John R. Rice some took issue with with the direction the new editor of  "The Sword" had taken in separating brethren over details about which Godly Bible believers may have differing convictions. Primary among these was defining a true fundamentalist as only a independent Baptist who stood with him. In a letter by Rice's daughter,<ref>http://www.biblicalevangelist.org/index.php?id=282&view=Guest+Editorial</ref> she noted that her father even considered some evangelical non-Baptists (including Pentecostals) to be fundamentalists, if they also held to and earnestly contended for the fundamentals of the faith. She pointed to his note on Romans 14:l in the ''Rice Reference Bible'' which stated, "We then are to receive and have fellowship with all saved people who may differ on minor matters but agree on the great fundamentals of the Christian faith."<ref> Also cited were two chapters in Rice's book, ''I AM A FUNDAMENTALIST'' (1975), that of  ''Be a Fundamentalist, But Not a Nut,'' and ''Fundamentalists Should Love All Christ's Other Sheep.''</ref>

Independent Fundamental Baptists esteem the use of the term "Fundamentalist" in describing themselves. Their foremost leader, [[John R. Rice]], founded a fundamentalist paper ''The Sword of the Lord'' in 1934 and served as its editor till his death in 1980. Its masthead states, "An Independent Christian Publication, Standing for the Verbal Inspiration of the Bible, the Deity of Christ, His Blood Atonement, Salvation by Faith, New Testament Soul Winning and the Premillennial Return of Christ; Opposing Modernism, Worldliness and Formalism." Noted fundamentalists in that group included H.A. Ironside, Bob Jones, Sr., Bob Shuler, William Culbertson, Harry Hager, R.G. Lee, Hyman Appelman, V. Raymond Edman, Scotchie McCall, E.J. Daniels, W.A. Criswell, Joe Henry Hankins.  However, in one illustration of different manifestations of fundamentalism, after the death of John R. Rice some took issue with with the direction the new editor of  "The Sword" had taken in separating brethren over details about which Godly Bible believers may have differing convictions. Primary among these was defining a true fundamentalist as only a independent Baptist who stood with him. In a letter by Rice's daughter,<ref>http://www.biblicalevangelist.org/index.php?id=282&view=Guest+Editorial</ref> she noted that her father even considered some evangelical non-Baptists (including Pentecostals) to be fundamentalists, if they also held to and earnestly contended for the fundamentals of the faith. She pointed to his note on Romans 14:l in the ''Rice Reference Bible'' which stated, "We then are to receive and have fellowship with all saved people who may differ on minor matters but agree on the great fundamentals of the Christian faith."<ref> Also cited were two chapters in Rice's book, ''I AM A FUNDAMENTALIST'' (1975), that of  ''Be a Fundamentalist, But Not a Nut,'' and ''Fundamentalists Should Love All Christ's Other Sheep.''</ref>