| − | Roosevelt appointed Johnson’s former business partner George Peek to head the Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA). Both men had “worked with the War Industries Board, the agency that regulated American production during World War I, and they believed their experience of managing an economy almost totally sealed off from the world market would suit the country now.”<ref>Eric Rauchway, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=BtSU6ZaCbzMC The Great Depression & the New Deal: A Very Short Introduction]'' (Oxford University Press, 2008) ISBN 0195326342, p. 76</ref> They had long advocated a policy of expanding tariffs to keep foreign agricultural products out of the United States,<ref>William J. Barber, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=Nks8pTPnsVYC From New Era to New Deal: Herbert Hoover, the Economists, and American Economic Policy, 1921-1933]'' (Cambridge University Press, 1989) ISBN 0521367379, p. 50</ref> a policy that would have again rendered the U.S. economy “almost totally sealed off from the world market”<ref> Neil Vousden, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=uabXBMnp7XgC The Economics of Trade Protection]'' (Cambridge University Press, 1990) ISBN 052134669X, p. 91</ref>—a fair approximation of “[http://www.economist.com/research/economics/alphabetic.cfm?letter=A#autarky autarky],” an economic policy particularly but not exclusively “associated with Nazi economic organization.”<ref>Gilbert Pleuger, "[http://www.history-ontheweb.co.uk/concepts/autarky.htm Economic autarky]," ''new perspective'' Vol 6, No 3</ref> | + | Roosevelt appointed Johnson’s former business partner George Peek to head the Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA). Both men had “worked with the War Industries Board, the agency that regulated American production during World War I, and they believed their experience of managing an economy almost totally sealed off from the world market would suit the country now.”<ref>Eric Rauchway, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=BtSU6ZaCbzMC The Great Depression & the New Deal: A Very Short Introduction]'' (Oxford University Press, 2008) ISBN 0195326342, p. 76</ref> They had long advocated a policy of expanding tariffs to keep foreign agricultural products out of the United States,<ref>William J. Barber, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=Nks8pTPnsVYC From New Era to New Deal: Herbert Hoover, the Economists, and American Economic Policy, 1921-1933]'' (Cambridge University Press, 1989) ISBN 0521367379, p. 50</ref> a policy that would have again rendered the U.S. economy “almost totally sealed off from the world market”<ref> Neil Vousden, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=uabXBMnp7XgC The Economics of Trade Protection]'' (Cambridge University Press, 1990) ISBN 052134669X, p. 91</ref>—a fair approximation of “[http://www.economist.com/research/economics/alphabetic.cfm?letter=A#autarky autarky],” an economic policy particularly but not exclusively “associated with Nazi economic organization.”<ref>Gilbert Pleuger, "[http://www.history-ontheweb.co.uk/concepts/autarky.htm Economic autarky]," ''new perspective'' Vol 6, No 3</ref> Indeed, the AAA was analogous to the Reich Food Estate, which had been established in Germany by the Nazis to similarly dictate agricultural production quotas and prices.<ref>Matthew S. Seligmann, John Davison and John McDonald, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=g13k9CMYTbsC Daily life in Hitler's Germany]'' (Macmillan, 2004), ISBN 0312328117, p. 110</ref> Like the AAA (and Mussolini's "Battle for Grain")<ref>John Francis Pollard, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=UpzyGA3PKqcC The Fascist experience in Italy]'' (Psychology Press, 1998), ISBN 0415116325, p. 88</ref> the Reich Food Estate promoted agricultural protectionism<ref>Shelley Baranowski, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=iA-NZ_RgP5kC Nazi Empire: German Colonialism and Imperialism from Bismarck to Hitler]'' (Cambridge University Press, 2010) ISBN 0521674085, p. 195</ref> in pursuit of autarky.<ref>Richard J. Evans, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=iG4ud0PxeDMC The Third Reich in Power]'' (Penguin, 2006), ISBN 0143037900, p. 346</ref> |